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Increase of entropy in the macromolecule biosynthesis

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Il Nuovo Cimento D

Summary

Entropy changes are quantitatively evaluated for the macromolecule biodegradation and biosynthesis. Evaluations take into account both the esoenergetic and the endoenergetic components which define the overall processes of the macromolecule biosynthesis. The standard entropies So' of bio-macromolecules are calculated by using a method recently proposed which yields So' values whose agreement with experimental data is better than 4%. Effects and uncertainties are considered for the actual reactant concentrations, for thepH changes and for the different conformations of proteins in solution. Results show that the macromolecule biodegradation, which supplies in animal systems the building blocks to be assembled in new bio-macromolecules, produces an increase of entropy. An even higher entropy increase is obtained in the linkage of building blocks to form bio-macromolecules both in animal and vegetal systems. Among other conclusions, we underline that present results give a strong support to the conclusions of a previous paper showing that the source of entropy decrease in biosystems is respiration, as unique source in animal systems and as primary source in vegetal systems.

Riassunto

Si valutano quantitativamente le variazioni di, entropia che si hanno nella biodegradazione e nella biosintesi delle macromolecole. I calcoli tengono conto delle componenti esoenergetiche e endoenergetiche che costituiscono il processo complessivo di biosintesi delle macromolecole. Le entropie standardS o' delle macromolecole biologiche sono calcolate usando un metodo, recentemente proposto, che dà perS o' valori il cui accordo con i dati sperimentali è migliore del 4%. Si considerano gli effetti e le indeterminazioni dovuti alle reali concentrazioni dei reagenti, alle variazioni delpH e alle diverse conformazioni delle proteine in soluzione. I risultati mostrano che la biodegradazione delle macromolecole, che nei sistemi animali fornisce i mattoni biologici necessari per costruire le nouve macromolecole, produce un aumento di entropia. Un aumento ancora maggiore di entropia si ottiene nel processo in cui i mattoni biologici si legano insieme per formare le bio-macromolecole, sia nei sistemi animali, che in quelli vegetali. Si mette anche in evidenza che i risultati del presente lavoro convalidano ulteriormente le conclusioni di un precedente articolo, nel quale si è mostrato che la sorgente della diminuizione di entropia all'interno dei biosistemi è il processo di respirazione: tale sorgente è l'unica nei sistemi animali ed è quella determinate nei sistemi vegetali.

Резюме

Количественно оцениваются изменения энтропии при макромолекулярных биодеградации и биосинтезе. При вычислениях учитываются экзоэнергетические и эндоэнергетические компоненты, которые определяют полные процессы макромолекулярного биосинтеза. Вычисляются стандартные энтропииS 0′ биомакромолекул, использя недавно предложенный метод, который дает значенияS 0′, хорошо солласущиеся с экспериментальными данными (лучше, чем 4%). Рассматриваются эффекты и неопределенности для реальных концентраций реагирующих веществ, дляpН изменений и для различных конформаций протеинов в растворе. Результаты показывают, что биодеградация макромолекул, которая в животных системах обеспечивает строительные блоки для монтажа новых биомкромолекул, приводит к увеличению энтропии. Еще большее увеличение энтропии получено при объединении строительных блоков в биомакромолекулы в животных и растительных системах. Отмечается, что полученные результаты подтверждают выводы предыдущей статьи, согласно которым, источник уменьшения энтропии в биосистемах представляет дыхание: как единственный источник в животных системах и как основной источник в растительныы системах.

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Costa, S., Costanzo, E., Grillo, N. et al. Increase of entropy in the macromolecule biosynthesis. Il Nuovo Cimento D 1, 335–350 (1982). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02450931

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