Abstract
Susceptible varieties of wheat infected withPuccinia graminis (Pers.) f. sp.tritici Eriks. &E. Henn. were studied using chlorotic samples fixed with glutaraldehyde and postfixed in potassium permanganate or osmium tetroxide. Intercellular mycelium and haustoria are surrounded with a thick wall covered with dense material. Many kinds of organelles or structures were found in the electron-dense cytoplasm of fungi: nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum and lomasomes. Golgi apparatus was not recognized. Haustorium is characterized by pinocytosis figures lined with fungal plasmalemma and by numerous mitochondria. The haustorium is enclosed in an encapsulation of electron-dense, fibrillar or granular material. The thickness of the encapsulation increases with age. A membrane, which seems to be continuous with the host plasmalemma, forms the interface between the encapsulation and the host cytoplasm. This membrane is invaginated by lomasomes and small vesicles occur in his vicinity. The origin of the encapsulation and of the encapsulation membrane remains unknown.
Many host organelles (mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, nucleus, chloroplasts) are closely appressed to the encapsulation membrane. The host nucleus appears to encase the haustorium; the chloroplasts develop excrescences and are devoid of starch, while photosynthesis is reduced. A large number of mitochondria encircles the haustorium and may be related with respiratory increase in the host. Rough-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum develops into long threads. Lipid droplets were observed in the host infected cytoplasm.
Résumé
L'étude de l'ultrastructure de variétés de Blé sensibles parasitées parPuccinia graminis (Pers.) f. sp.tritici Eriks. &E. Henn a été conduite sur des échantillons chlorotiques fixés à la glutaraldéhyde et postfixés par le permanganate de potassium ou l'acide osmique. Une paroi peu dense et recouverte d'exsudat entoure le mycélium intercellulaire et les haustorias. Le cytoplasme, dense aux électrons, renferme diverses structures ou organites: lomasomes, mitochondries, noyau, réticulum endoplasmique. Aucun dictyosome n'a été relevé. L'haustoria se caractérise par des figures de pinocytose qui tapissent la membrane plasmique et par la présence de nombreuses mitochondries. Une encapsulation de densité variable selon la fixation, encapsulation qui s'épaissit en vieillissant, sépare l'haustoria du protoplaste de l'hôte. Elle contient des produits fibrillaires ou granuleux, plus opaques aux électrons. La membrane qui recouvre l'encapsulation au contact du cytoplasme de l'hôte semble en continuité avec le plasmalemme de ce dernier. Elle est interrompue par des lomasomes et de nombreuses vésicules la cotoient. L'origine de l'encapsulation et de cette membrane demeure hypothétique.
De nombreux organites de la plante (mitochondries, réticulum endoplasmique, noyau, chloroplastes) établissent des liens étroits avec le parasite. Le noyau devient lobé et les chloroplastes présentent parfois des excroissances. L'absence d'amidon indique un ralentissement de la photosynthèse. L'élévation du rythme respiratoire se traduit par la présence de nombreuses mitochondries qui encerclent l'haustoria. Le réticulum endoplasmique, souvent long et flexueux est riche en ribosomes. Le cytoplasme des cellules infectées contient des globules lipidiques.
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Contribution No. 105 de la Faculté d'Agriculture, Université Laval, Québec 10e.
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Olah, G.M., Pinon, J. & Janitor, A. Modifications ultrastructurales provoquees par Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici chez le ble. Mycopathologia et Mycologia Applicata 44, 325–346 (1971). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02052707
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02052707