Abstract
A thick spherical target (R=25 cm) made of gabbro was irradiated isotropically with 1.6 GeV protons at the Saturne cyclotron at Laboratoire National Saturne (LNS)/CEN Saclay in order to simulate the interaction of galactic cosmic ray (GCR) protons with meteoroids in space. During a 2 weeks irradiation a proton-dose of 1.32 · 1014 cm−2 was received, which is equivalent to a cosmic-ray exposure age of 1.4 Ma. Production rates were measured by X- and gamma-spectrometry, by low-level counting and by conventional and accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS). Up to now, more than 200 target-product combinations were investigated. Theoretical production rates were derived on the basis of spectra of primary protons, secondary protons and secondary neutrons calculated by Monte Carlo techniques and thin-target cross sections of the underlying nuclear reactions. The model calculations excellently describe the production depth profiles in the artificial meteoroid, if reliable crosss sections are available. The thus validated model calculations allow for the interpretation of cosmogenic nuclide abundances in stony meteorites and lunar samples in terms of their exposure history and of the history of the radiation itself.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
J. GEISS, H. OESCHGER, U. SCHWARZ, Space Sci. Revs., 1 (1962) 197.
D. LAL, Space Sci. Revs., 14 (1972) 3.
R. C. REEDY, J. R. ARNOLD, D. LAL, Ann. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci., 33 (1983) 505.
S. VOGT, G. F. HERZOG, R. C. REEDY, Rev. Geophys., 28 (1990) 253.
R. MICHEL, P. DRAGOVITSCH, P. ENGLERT, F. PEIFFER, R. STÜCK, S. THEIS, F. BEGEMANN, H. WEBER, P. SIGNER, R. WIELER, D. FILGES, P. CLOTH, Nucl. Instr. Meth. Phys. Res., B16 (1985) 61.
R. MICHEL, F. PEIFFER, S. THEIS, F. BEGEMANN, H. WEBER, P. SIGNER, R. WIELER, P. CLOTH, P. DRAGOVITSCH, D. FILGES, P. ENGLERT, Nucl. Instr. Meth. Phys. Res., B42 (1989) 76.
B. DITTRICH, U. HERPERS, T. SCHIFFMANN, R. MICHEL, P. CLOTH, P. DRAGOVITSCH, D. FILGES, J. BEER, W. WÖLFLI, Analyst, 114 (1989) 295.
D. AYLMER, F. BEGEMANN, P. CLOTH, P. DRAGOVITSCH, P. ENGLERT, D. FILGES, U. HERPERS, G. F. HERZOG, A. JERMAIKAN, J. KLEIN, T. H. KRUSE, R. MICHEL, R. K. MONIOT, R. MIDDLETON, F. PEIFFER, P. SIGNER, R. STÜCK, S. THEIS, C. TUNIZ, S. VADJA, H. WEBER, R. WIELER, Report Jül-2130, 1987.
R. MICHEL, J. AUDOUZE, F. BEGEMANN, P. CLOTH, B. DITTRICH, P. DRAGOVITSCH, D. FILGES, U. HERPERS, H. J. HOMANN, B. LAVIELLE, M. LÜPKE, R. RÖSEL, E. RÜTER, M. SCHNATZ-BÜTTGEN, P. SIGNER, G. N. SIMONOFF, H. WEBER, R. WIELER, W. WÖLFLI, B. ZANDA, Meteoritics, 26 (1991) 372.
B. MASON, Hndbook of Elemental Abundances in Meteorites, Gordon and Breach, New York, 1971.
J. TOBAILEM, C. H. DE LASSUS ST. GENIES, (1975) CEA-N-1466(1) and (1981) CEA-N-1466(5).
B. DITTRICH, U. HERPERS, H. J. HOFMANN, W. WÖLFLI, R. BODEMANN, M. LÜPKE, R. MICHEL, P. DRAGOVITSCH, D. FILGES, Nucl. Instr. Meth. Phys. Res., B 52 (1990) 588.
T. W. ARMSTRONG, K. C. CHANDLER, Nucl. Sci. Eng., 49 (1972) 110.
P. CLOTH, D. FILGES, R. D. NEEF, G. STERZENBACH, Ch. REUL, T. W. ARMSTRONG, B. L. COLBORN, B. ANDERS, H. BRUECKMANN, Report Juel-2203, 1988.
M. B. EMMETT, Report ORNL-4972, 1975.
D. M. PFLASTER, R. T. SANTORO, W. E. FORD III, ORNL-TM-4872(1975); updated version 1978, RSIC Data Library Collection, DLC-37.
R. KINSEY, ENDF-102, Data Formats and Procedures for the Evaluated Nuclear Data File ENDF.
R. MICHEL, R. STÜCK, Proc. 14th Lun. Plan. Sci. Conf., J. Geophys. Res., 89 (1984) B673.
R. MICHEL, F. PEIFFER, R. STÜCK, Nucl. Phys. A, 441 (1985) 617.
R. MICHEL, B. DITTRICH, U. HERPERS, T. SCHIFFMANN, P. CLOTH, P. DRAGOVITSCH, D. FILGES, Analyst, 114 (1989) 287.
M. LÜPKE, R. MICHEL, B. DITTRICH, U. HERPERS, P. DRAGOVITSCH, D. FILGES, H. J. HOFMANN, W. WÖLFLI, in: S. M. QAIM (Ed.), Nuclear Data for Science and Technology, Springer Verlag, Berlin, 1992, p. 702.
R. BODEMANN, R. MICHEL, B. DITTRICH, U. HERPERS, R. RÖSEL, H. J. HOFMANN, W. WÖLFLI, B. HOLMQVIST, H. CONDÉ, P. MALMBORG, in: S. M. QAIM (Ed.), Nuclear Data for Science and Technology, Springer Verlag, Berlin, 1992, p. 705.
R. MICHEL, H. LANGE, LPI Technical Report 90-05, 1990, p. 76, Lunar and Planetary Institute, Houston.
M. BLANN, Phys. Rev. Letters, 27 (1972) 337.
M. BLANN, ALICE LIVERMORE 87, private communication, 1987.
R. MICHEL, P. CLOTH, P. DRAGOVITSCH, D. FILGES, Lunar Planet. Sci., 20 (1989) 693.
R. MICHEL, P. DRAGOVITSCH, G. DAGGE, P. CLOTH, D. FILGES, LPI Technical Report 90-05, 1990, p. 86, Lunar and Planetary Institute, Houston.
R. MICHEL, P. DRAGOVITSCH, G. DAGGE, P. CLOTH, D. FILGES, Meteoritics, 26 (1991) 221.
U. HERPERS, R. RÖSEL, R. MICHEL, M. LÜPKE, D. FILGES, P. DRAGOVITSCH, W. WÖLFLI, B. DITTRICH, H. J. HOFMANN, Meteoritics, 26 (1991) 344.
Th. GRAF, P. SIGNER, R. WIELER, U. HERPERS, R. SARAFIN, S. VOGT, Ch. FIENI, P. PELLAS, G. BONANI, M. SUTER, W. WÖLFLI, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 54 (1990) 2511.
K. NISHIIZUMI, D. ELMORE, X. Z. MA, J. R. ARNOLD, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 70 (1984) 157.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
Dedicated to R. Berndt on the occasion of his retirement.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Michel, R., Lüpke, M., Herpers, U. et al. Simulation of the interactions of galactic cosmic ray protons by irradiation of a thick stony target with 1.6 GeV protons. Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, Articles 169, 13–25 (1993). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02046779
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02046779