Abstract
The growth inhibitory activities of 6 endogenous growth inhibitors isolated from light-grown dwarf peas (Pisum sativum cv. Progress No. 9) were examined in the epicotyl of dark-grown seedlings of the same cultivar in the dark in order to examine the possible contribution of these compounds to the growth inhibition brought about by red light. The activities of these natural inhibitors, including two A-2α and A-2β of as yet undetermined structure, were compared with those of synthetic growth retardants and benzyladenine. Samples were applied directly into the epicotyls via a glass capillary tube. In 24-h tests doses for a 25% inhibition (I25) were: A-2α, 4.3 × 10-2: cis-xanthoxin, 1.2 × 10-1 ; A-2β, 1.6 × 10-1; trans-xanthoxin, 1.2; R,S-dihydromaleimide, 3.5 × 102 and pisatin, 4.0 × 102 nmol plant-1 . In 72-h tests, I25's were: benzyladenine, 1.5; AMO-1618 (ammonium-(5-hydroxycarvacryl)-trimethylchloride piperidine carboxylate), 2.4; R,S-dihydromaleimide, 4.0 × 102 and CCC (chlorocholine chloride), 1.1 × 103 nmol plant-1. β-D-Glucosyl-R-dihydromaleimide had no activity at all. Benzyladenine caused the thickening as well as elongation inhibition of the epicotyls of intact plants. The possible involvement of A-2α and β in the red light growth inhibition of dwarf peas is discussed.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
Abbreviations
- AMO-1618:
-
ammonium-(5-hydroxycarvacryl)-trimethylchloride piperidine carboxylate
- CCC:
-
chlorocholine chloride
- G-DHMD:
-
β-D-glucosyl-R-dihydromaleimide
- I25 :
-
dose required for a 25% growth inhibition
- R:
-
red light
References
Behringer, FJ, Davies, PJ and Reid, JB (1990) Genetic analysis of the role of gibberellin in the red light inhibition of stem elongation in etiolated seedlings. Plant Physiol 94: 432–439
Behringer FJ and Davies PJ (1991) Measurement of indole-3-acetic acid levels after phytochrome-mediated changes in stem elongation of etiolated Pisum seedlings. Abstract, 14th Int'l Conf. Plant Growth Substances. Amsterdam, July 21–26: p 100
Cathey, HM (1964) Physiology of growth retarding chemicals. Ann Rev Plant Physiol 15: 271–302
Firn, RD (1974) On the red light inhibition of pea internode elongation, with an emphasis on the role of xanthoxin. In: Plant Growth Substances 1973 (Tamura, S ed), pp 1225–1230. Hirokawa publishing, Tokyo
Hashimoto, T (1961) Synergistic effect of indoleacetic acid and kinetin on the primary thickening of pea stem segments. Bot Mag Tokyo 74: 110–117
Hashimoto, T, Tsurumi, S and Noguchi, H (1989) A Novel growth inhibitor and red light-induced dwarfism of pea plants. In: Plant Water Relations and Growth under Stess (Tazawa, M et al eds), pp 377–379, Myu KK, Tokyo
Hashimoto T, Tsurumi S and Kato-Noguchi H (1991) Growth inhibitors A-2α and β, and red light-induced growth inhibition in dwarf pea. In: Plant Growth Substances 1991, Karssen CM and Vreugdenhil D (eds) (in press)
Iino, M (1982) Inhibitory action of red light on the growth of the maize mesocotyl: evaluation of the auxin hypothesis. Planta 156: 388–395
Inouhe, M, Sakurai, N and Kuraishi, S (1982) Growth regulation of dark-grown dwarf barley coleoptile by the endogenous IAA content. Plant Cell Physiol 23: 689–698
Jones, AM, Cochran, DS, Lamerson, PM, Evans, ML and Cohen, JD (1991) Red light-regulated growth. I. Changes in the abundance of indoleacetic acid and a 22-kilodalton auxin-binding protein in the mesocotyl. Plant Physiol 97: 352–358
Katsumi, M (1962) Physiological effects of kinetin effect on the thickening of etiolated pea stem sections. Physiol Plant 15: 115–121
Kende, H and Kays, SE (1971) The level of (+)-abscisic acid in dwarf pea shoots. Naturwissenschaften 58: 524–525
Masuko, M, Miyamoto, K, Sakurai, K, Iino, M, Takeuchi, Y and Hashimoto, T (1983) Isolation and characterization of dihydromaleimide and its glucoside as growth inhibitors from dwarf pea. Phytochemistry 22(5): 1278–1280
Miyamoto, K, Hasegawa, K and Hashimoto, T (1984) Variation in content of dihydromaleimide and its glucoside in pea seedlings as affected by growth and red light. Plant Sci Letters 37: 47–51
Nitsch, JP (1956) Methods for the investigation of natural auxins and growth inhibitors. In: The Chemistry and Mode of Action of Plant Growth Substances (Wain, RL and Wightman, F ed), pp 3–31, Butterworths Scientific Publication, London
Noguchi, H, Tsurumi, S, Takeuchi, Y and Hashimoto, T (1989) Neutral growth inhibitors in light-grown dwarf pea shoots — separation, identification and growth regulation. Physiol Plant 76: 74–80
Noguchi, H and Hashimoto, T (1990) Phytochrome-mediated synthesis of novel growth inhibitors A-2α and β, and dwarfism in peas. Planta 181: 256–262
Ohta, T (1967) Review of recent studies of plant-1. growth retardants. Chemical Regulation of Plants 2(2): 102–108 (in Japanese)
Perrin, DR and Bottomley, W (1962) Studies on phytoalexins. V. The structure of pisatin from Pisum sativum L. J Am Chem Soc 84: 1919–1922
Reid, DM and Carr, DJ (1967) Effects of a dwarfing compound, CCC on the production and export of gibberellin-like substances by root systems. Planta 73: 1–11
Simpson, GM and Saunders, PF (1972) Abscisic acid associated with wilting in dwarf and tall Pisum sativum. Planta 102:272–276
Sommer, NF (1961) Longitudinal and lateral response of etiolated pea sections to indoleacetic acid, gibberellin, kinetin, sucrose and cobaltous chloride. Physiol Plant 14: 741–749
Taylor, HF and Burden, RS (1970) Identification of plant growth inhibitors produced by photolysis of violaxanthin. Phytochemistry 9: 2217–2223
Thompson, AG and Bruinsma, J (1977) Xanthoxin: a growth inhibitor in light-grown sunflower seedlings, Helianthus annuus L. J Exp Bot 28(105): 804–810
Vanderhoef, LN and Stahl, CA (1975) Separation of two responses to auxin by means of cytokinin inhibition. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA 72: 1822–1825
Went, FW and Thimann, KV (1937) Phytohormones, Macmillan, New York
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
author for correspondence
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Miyamoto, K., Kato-Noguchi, H. & Hashimoto, T. Activities of growth inhibitors isolated from light-grown dwarf pea shoots. Plant Growth Regul 11, 411–417 (1992). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00130650
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00130650