Skip to main content
Log in

Health and nutrition in the Pacific islands: Development or underdevelopment?

  • Published:
GeoJournal Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Although modernization has undoubtedly brought about significant improvements in and access to modern health services and has lowered the previously high incidence of some infectious diseases and perinatal deaths, there is increasingly widespread evidence that some old and some new, often very serious health and nutritional problems still exist in all parts of the often “Edenized” Pacific islands. Although “development” has occurred, both infectious and non-communicable degenerative diseases, perinatal mortality, and nuclear pollution still constitute major health problems, and food systems, nutritional status, and nutrition-linked health seem to have deteriorated.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Anonymous: Food and cancer. British Nutrition Foundation nutrition bulletin 5, 2, 59–61 (1979)

  • Anonymous: Will diet save you from cancer? Consumer 224 (Jan/Feb), 3–5 (1985)

  • Anonymous: Bikini's ‘Bravo’ test exposed. Fiji times Aug. 8 (1987)

  • Baker, P. T.: Migration and human adaptation. In: Fleming C.; Prior I. (eds.), Proceedings of the 1979 seminar on migration and health, pp. 3–13. Wellington Hospital, Wellington, New Zealand 1979.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baker, P. T.; Hanna, J. M.: Modernization and the biological fitness of Samoans: a progress report on a research program. In: Fleming C.; Prior I. (eds.), Proceedings of the 1979 seminar on migration and health, pp. 14–24. Wellington Hospital, Wellington, New Zealand 1979.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bavadra, M. T.: Assistant Director of Primary and Preventative Health Services, Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, Fiji Government, Suva. Pers. Comm. 1985.

    Google Scholar 

  • Berg, A.: The nutrition factor: its role in national development. The Brookings Institution, Washington, DC 1973.

    Google Scholar 

  • Binn, C. W.: Food, sickness and death in children of the highlands of Papua New Guinea. Environmental child health 22, 2–11 (1976)

    Google Scholar 

  • Biumaiwai, M.; Bavadra, M. T.; Olakowski, T.: Population, morbidity and mortality in Fiji during the last 100 years. WHO Western Pacific Regional Office, Suva 1984.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carter, J. (ed.): Pacific islands yearbook. 14. edn. Pacific Publications, Sydney 1981.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carter, J. (ed.): Pacific islands yearbook. 15. edn. Pacific Publications, Sydney 1984.

    Google Scholar 

  • Charle, E.: Fulbright Professor of Economics. School of Social and Economic Development, University of the South Pacific, Suva. Pers. Comm. 1985.

    Google Scholar 

  • Clarke, W. F.; Richards, M. L.: Tongan nutrition survey gives an unexpected result. South pacific bulletin, First Quarter, 13–16 (1979)

  • Connell, J.: Diets and dependency: food and colonialism in the south Pacific. Occasional paper No. 1. Ideas Centre Research and Education Unit, Australian Freedom form Hunger Campaign, Sydney 1984.

    Google Scholar 

  • Coyne, T. (Badcock, J.; Taylor, R., eds.): The effect of urbanization and western diet on the health of Pacific island populations. Technical Paper Nr. 186. South Pacific Commission, Noumea 1984.

    Google Scholar 

  • Crews, D. E.; Mackeen, P. C.: Mortality related to cardiovascular diseases and diabetes mellitus in a modernizing population. Social science and medicine, 11 (1981)

  • Danielsson, B.; Danielsson, M. T.: Moruroa mon amour: the French nuclear tests in the Pacific. Penguin Books, Harmondsworth, Middlesex 1977.

    Google Scholar 

  • Desowitz, R. S.: On New Guinea tapeworms and Jewish grandmothers. Air, waters, and places (Issue unknown), 22–27 (c. 1978)

  • Dye, E. I.: A survey of nutrient intakes and food habits in a New Hebridean village (a study of Walarano, Malekula). South Pacific Commission, Noumea 1979.

    Google Scholar 

  • Durnin, J. V. G. A.: How do some New Guineans survive on what they eat? Pacific islands monthly 40, 12, 133–135 (1970)

    Google Scholar 

  • Fages, J.; Piehon G.: Dengue and urbanization in French Polynesia. In: Force, R. W.; Bishop, P. (eds.), The impact of urban centres in the Pacific. pp. 281–286. Pacific Science Association, Honolulu 1975.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fitzroy, G. J.: Commentary: influence of development factors on nutritional patterns in the Solomon Islands. Ecology of food and nutrition 10, 87–119 (1981)

    Google Scholar 

  • Garrow, J. S.: Obesity — is the battle worthwhile? British Nutrition Foundation nutrition bulletin 26, 5, 2, 68–77 (1979)

    Google Scholar 

  • Gillett, R. D.: Fisheries Development Advisor. FAO-UNDP Regional Fisheries Support Programme, Suva. Pers. Comm. 1987.

  • Government of Papua New Guinea: Country report: Tenth regional conference of permanent heads of health services (Noumea, 5-9 December 1983). South Pacific Commission, Noumea 1983.

    Google Scholar 

  • Greco, A.: Atomic disaster. Prime time July, 10, 11, 54 (1986)

    Google Scholar 

  • Greska, L. P.; Baker, P. T.: Aerobic capacity of modernizing Samoan men. Human biology. 6 (1981)

  • Grossman, L.: The cultural ecology of economic development. Annals of the Association of American Geographers 71, 2, 220–236 (1981)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gulbrandsen, O.: Ten years of fishing vessel development in the Pacific islands: what can we learn from it? Working paper for the South Pacific Commission regional technical meeting on fisheries, Noumea, Aug. 1984. South Pacific Commission, Noumea 1984.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hayes, G. R.: Population of the Cook Islands. Country monograph series No. 7.3. ESCAP, Bangkok and South Pacific Commission, Noumea 1983.

    Google Scholar 

  • Haynes, R. H.: A preliminary survey of suicide in a province in Vanua Levu. Technical paper 7. Central Planning Office, Ministry of Economic Planning and Development, Suva, Fiji 1983.

    Google Scholar 

  • Heywood, P.: The effect of changing diet on nutritional health in the Pacific. Paper presented for UNDP/SPC regional meeting: the effects of urbanization and western diet on health of Pacific island populations (Suva, Fiji, 7-16 December). South Pacific Commission, Noumea 1981.

    Google Scholar 

  • Heywood, P.; Nakikus, M.: Protein, energy and nutrition in Papua New Guinea. In: Bourke, R. M.; Kesevan, V. (eds.), Proceedings of the second Papua New Guinea food crops conference, Part II, pp. 303–324. Department of Primary Industry, Port Moresby 1982.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hitchcock, N.; Oram, N. D.: Rabia Camp, a Port Moresby migrant settlement. Bulletin No. 14. New Guinea Research Unit, Port Moresby and Canberra 1967.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hollis, M. J.: Sugar, fluorides and dental heath. South Pacific bulletin 25, 1, 15–16, 21 (1975)

    Google Scholar 

  • Holmes, S.: Nutrition survey in the Gilbert Islands. South Pacific Health Service, Suva 1953.

    Google Scholar 

  • Howe, K. R.: Where the waves fall: a new South Seas history from first settlement to colonial history. George Allen and Unwin, Sydney 1984.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jansen, A. A. J.: Report on a nutrition survey in the Kingdom of Tonga. World Heath Organization Western Pacific Regional Office, Manila 1973.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jansen, A. A. J.; Wilmott, J. V.: Nutrition and dietary survey of urban and rural populations in the British Solomon Islands Protectorate. South Pacific Health Service WHO Survey 3. WHO Publications, Suva 1973.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jeffries, D. J.: From kaukau to coke: a study of urban food habits in Papua New Guinea. Report No. 1. Papua New Guinea Human Ecology Programme, Lae. Centre for Resource and Environmental Studies for UNESCO, Australian National University, Canberra 1979.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jelliffe, D. B.; Jelliffe, E. F. P.: Human milk, nutrition, and the world resource crisis. In: Abelson, P. H. (ed.), Food: politics, economics, nutrition and research, pp. 65–69. American Association for the Advancement of Science, Washington DC 1975.

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, J. S.; Lambert, J. N.: The national food and nutrition survey of Fiji. National food and nutrition development programme field document No. 6 (FIJ/79/004). National Food and Nutrition Committee, Suva 1982.

    Google Scholar 

  • Keith-Reid, R.: The horror of the death wish. Islands business 9, 5, 12–17 (1981)

    Google Scholar 

  • Keith-Reid, R.: The eating catastrophe. Islands business 8, 9, 12–16 (1982)

    Google Scholar 

  • Keith-Reid, R.: An epidemic of sex disease. Islands business 10, 10, 10–12 (1984)

    Google Scholar 

  • Keju, D.; Johnson, G.: Kwajalein: home on the ‘range’. Pacific magazine 7, 6, 23–28 (1982)

    Google Scholar 

  • Kow, F.: Report on nutrition survey — Wasu 1980: comparative nutritional status study. Department of Chemical Technology, PNG University of Technology, Lae 1982.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lambert, J. N.: Population growth, nutrition and food supplies: population of Papua New Guinea. ESCAP country monograph. United Nations Economic and Social Council, New York 1979.

    Google Scholar 

  • Larson, K.: Nuclear waste: Japan reconsiders sea dumping plans. Glimpses of Micronesia and the western Pacific 4, 30–46 (1981)

    Google Scholar 

  • Latham, M. C.: Nutrition and infection in national development. In: Abelson, P. H. (ed.), Food politics, economics, nutrition and research. pp. 69–73. American Association for the Advancement of Science, Washington DC 1975.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lewis N. D.: Ciguatera — implications for nutritional and resource development in the Pacific islands. Paper presented at the XV Pacific Science Congress, Dunedin, NZ, Feb. 1–11. 1983.

  • Lorenz, K.: Aids and the islands. Pacific magazine 12, 3, 34 (1987)

    Google Scholar 

  • Lowry, P.: Health, population and nutrition advisor. USAID, American Embassy, Suva, Fiji. Pers. Comm. 1985.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mackenzie, M.: Who is a good mother? Ethnomedicine IV, 1/2, 7–22 (1976/77)

    Google Scholar 

  • McArthur, N.: And, behold the plague was begun among the people. In: Gunson, N. (ed.), The changing Pacific: essays in honour of H.E. Maude. pp. 273–284. Oxford University Press, Melbourne 1978.

    Google Scholar 

  • McGee, T. G.: Food dependency in the Pacific: a preliminary statement. Development Studies Centre working paper no. 2. Research School of Pacific Studies, Australian National University, Canberra 1975.

    Google Scholar 

  • McHale, G.: Paradise lost. Simply living 17, 81–88 (1981)

    Google Scholar 

  • Malcolm, L. A.: Ecological factors influencing growth and nutritional status of the pre-school child. Papua New Guinea medical journal 17, 191–195 (1974)

    Google Scholar 

  • Marshall, M.; Hezel, F. X.; Meller N.; Dickhudt, J.: Alcohol use and abuse. Pacific magazine 7, 4, 34–38 (1982)

    Google Scholar 

  • Martin, F. W.; Wyatt, G. B.; Griew, A. R.; Haurauelia, M. Higginbotham, L.: Diabetes mellitus in urban and rural communities in Papua New Guinea. Diabetologia 18, 369–374 (1980)

    Google Scholar 

  • Miles, J. R. R. (ed.): Public Health Progress in the Pacific. 173 pp., tabs., fig. Helmstedt 1984.

  • Ministry of Health, Tonga: Health problems in the Kingdom of Tonga in the years 1956–1982. Ministry of Health, Nuku'alofa 1982.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mitchell, R.: General practitioner and family physician. Gordon Street Medical Centre, Suva. Pers. Comm. 1985.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mowbray, D.: A review of pesticide use in the south Pacific with a proposal for establishing a pesticide monitoring and evaluation network: preliminary draft. South Pacific Regional Environ mental Programme Pesticide Project, University of Papua New Guinea, Waigani 1984.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nast, K.: Country Director, Foundation for the Peoples of the South Pacific (FSP), Madang, PNG and former Director FSP, Kiribati. Pers. Comm. 1985.

  • Oliver, D.: Coming to grips with the problems of youth suicide in W. Samoa. Pacific islands monthly 54, 11, 5–16 (1982)

    Google Scholar 

  • Osteria, T. S.: Material and child health survey, Vanuatu. Ministry of Health, Government of Vanuatu, Vila 1984.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pargeter, K. A.; Taylor, R.; King, H.; Zimmet, P.; Kiribati: a dietary survey. South Pacific Commission, Noumea 1984.

    Google Scholar 

  • Parkinson, S. V.: Some observations on the cause of malnutrition in Pacific urban communities. In: Harre, J. (ed.), Living in town: problems and priorities in urban planning in the south Pacific, pp. 85–91. School of Social and Economic Development, University of the South Pacific, Suva 1973.

    Google Scholar 

  • Parkinson, S.: Nutrition in the south Pacific — past and present. Journal of food and nutrition 39, 3, 121–125 (1982)

    Google Scholar 

  • Pince, S.: Ok Tedi. Pacific Islands Development Program, EastWest Center, Honolulu 1984.

    Google Scholar 

  • Prior, I. A. M.: Health. In: Schwimmer, E. (ed.), Maori health in the nineteen-sixties. pp. 207–287. Longman Paul, Auckland 1968.

    Google Scholar 

  • Prior, I. A. M.: Assignment report, diabetes survey. January, May–June 1973. World Health Organization, Geneva 1973.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pepublic of Palau: Five-year comprehensive health plan 1982—1987. Bureau of Health Services, Koror 1983.

    Google Scholar 

  • Richardson, J.: The curse of the bottle. Islands business 9, 1, 37 (1983)

    Google Scholar 

  • Robie, D.: Islands in poison fire plan. Fiji Sun, Aug. 19, 9 (1986)

  • Rody, N.: Food for all in Micronesia. Pacific magazine 7, 5, 27–32 (1982)

    Google Scholar 

  • Rody, N.: Toward an ecological systems analysis of food and nutrition issues in the American territories of Micronesia. Science Education Project, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu 1983.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rokotuivuna, A.: Bombs away — a nuclear-free Pacific. In: Hinton, V. (ed.), Tides of change: Pacific Christians review their problems and hopes. pp. 60–62. The Commission for World Mission of the Uniting Church in Australia, Melbourne 1981.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ronck, R.: Bikini: nothing left to lose. The new Pacific, 3, 6, 12–17 (1978)

    Google Scholar 

  • Shaw, B.: Human milk as a national resource: economic and demographic aspects of infant feeding in Papua New Guinea. Unpublished paper. Development Studies Centre, Australian National University, Canberra 1979.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shaw, B.: Options for feeding people in Papua New Guines: policy and nutritive implications. In: Bourke, R. M.; Kesavan, V. (eds.), Proceedings of the second Papua New Guinea food crops conference, Part II, pp. 13–32. Department of Primary Industry, Port Moresby 1982.

    Google Scholar 

  • Singh, K.: Pattern of malignancies in a developing country (Unpublished xerox). Suva Medical Laboratory, Suva 1984.

    Google Scholar 

  • Siwatibau, S.; Williams, B. D.: A call to a new exodus: an antinuclear primer for Pacific people. Pacific Conference of Churches, Suva 1982.

  • Smith, K. R.: Biomass fuels and development (xerox). East-West Resource Systems Institute, East-West Centre, Honolulu 1985.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sniffen, T.: Country Coodinator, Helen Keller International, Goroka, Papua New Guinea. Pers. Comm. 1985.

    Google Scholar 

  • SPC (South Pacific Commission): Diabetes, gout and hypertension in the Pacific islands. Information document no. 43. South Pacific Commission, Noumea 1978.

    Google Scholar 

  • SPC (South Pacific Commission): The effects of urbanization and western diet on the health of Pacific island populations. Journal of food and nutrition 39, 3, 126–129 (1982)

    Google Scholar 

  • Speake, J. D.; Cutress, T. W.; Ball, M. E.: The prevalence of dental caries and the concentration of fluoride in enamel of children in the Pacific islands. Technical paper No. 179. South Pacific Commission, Noumea 1979.

    Google Scholar 

  • SPEHIS (South Pacific Epidemiological and Health Information Service): Notifiable diseases for the South Pacific region countries: annual report for the year 1983. South Pacific Commission, Noumea 1983.

    Google Scholar 

  • Taylor, R. J.: Nauruan mortality, 1976–1981 and a review of previous mortality data. South Pacific Commission, Noumea 1983.

    Google Scholar 

  • Taylor, R. J.; Bennet, P. H.; Zimmet, P. Z.: Epidemiological studies of diabetes and cardiovascular disease in Wallis Polynesians. Technical paper No. 181. South Pacific Commission, Noumea 1984.

    Google Scholar 

  • Taylor, R. J.; Zimmet, P.Z.: Obesity and diabetes in Western Samoa. International journal of obesity 9 (1981)

  • Thaman, R. R.: Deterioration of traditional food systems. Increasing malnutrition and food dependency in the Pacific islands. Journal of food and nutrition 39, 3, 109–121 (1982a)

    Google Scholar 

  • Thaman, R. R.: Hurricane Isaac and Tonga: a natural or cultural disaster? Review (Journal of the School of Social and Economic Development, University of the South Pacific, Suva, Fiji) 3, 8, 22–34 (1982b)

    Google Scholar 

  • Thaman, R. R.: Food for urbanizing Polynesian peoples. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society of New Zealand 1983, 8, 26–37, (1983)

    Google Scholar 

  • Thaman, R. R.: The environmental impact of nuclear rediation in the Pacific region. Science journal (Fiji) 1, 2, 45–48 (1984a)

    Google Scholar 

  • Thaman, R. R.: The poisoning of paradise: pesticides, environmental pollution, and increasing dependency in the Pacific islands. South pacific forum 1, 2, 165–200 (1984b)

    Google Scholar 

  • Thaman, R. R.: Pacific islands' health and nutrition: trends and areas for action. In Development and change: Issue papers — Pacific Islands Conference, Rarotonga, Cook Islands, August 1985, pp. III-A: 1–28. Pacific Islands Development Programme (PIDP), East-West Centre, Honolulu 1985.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thaman, R. R.: Militarism, nuclear pollution and the Pacific environment. Paper presented at the Fiji Anti Nuclear Group (FANG) Solidarity Conference for a Nuclear-Free and Independent Pacific, 5–8 August, Suva, Fiji 1986.

  • Thaman, R. R.; Thomas, P. M.: Cassava and change in Pacific island food systems. Chapter 9. In: Cattle, D. J.; Schwerin, K. H. (eds.), Food energy in tropical ecosystems, pp. 191–228. Gordon and Breach, New York 1985.

    Google Scholar 

  • TTHPDA, MIHPO (Trust Territory Health Planning and Development Agency and Marshall Islands Health Planning Office): Republic of the Marshall Islands five-year comprehensive health plan 1983-1988. Office of Health Planning, Ministry of Health, Majuro 1984.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weerasinghe, H. D.: Assignment report, Nutritional Advisory and Support Services 6-8 November 1979. World Health Organization, Geneva 1980.

    Google Scholar 

  • Western Samoa Government: The report of the survey of household conditions in Western Samoa, 1971–72. Department of Statistics, Apia 1972.

    Google Scholar 

  • WHO (World Health Organisation): WHO country health information profiles. World Health Organisation Western Pacific Regional Office, Suva 1984.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wier, D.; Shapiro, M.: Circle of poison: Pesticides and people in a hungry world. Institute for Food and Development Policy, San Francisco 1981.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilmott, J. V.: Gilbert and Ellice Islands Colony: report on a visit by a nutritionist. South Pacific Health Service, Suva 1968.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zimmet, P.; Arblaster, M.; Thoma, K.: The effect of westernization on native populations: studies on a Micronesian community with a high diabetes prevalence. Australian and New Zealand medical journal 8, 2, 141–146 (1978)

    Google Scholar 

  • Zimmet, P.; Faaiuso, S. J.; Whitehouse, S.; Milne, B.; Deboer, W.: The prevalence of diabetes in the rural and urban Polynesian population of Western Samoa. Diabetes 30, 45–51 (1981a)

    Google Scholar 

  • Zimmet, P.; Seluka, A.; Collins, J.; Currie, P.; Wicking, J.; Deboer, W.: The prevalence of diabetes mellitus in urbanised, isolated populations: the Funafuti study. Diabetes 30, 40–44 (1981b)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Thaman, R.R. Health and nutrition in the Pacific islands: Development or underdevelopment?. GeoJournal 16, 211–227 (1988). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02433016

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02433016

Keywords

Navigation