Abstract
The main goal of gene transfer into cotton is the development of insect-resistant varieties. The stakes are important since cotton protection against insects uses almost 24% of the world's chemical insecticides market, which is not without consequences on the environment. The first approach was to introduce and express in the cotton genome, genes from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (B.t.) which produces entomopathogenic toxins. The development of an efficient Agrobacterium tumefaciens mediated transformation system was the first step. The expression of B.t. genes was studied and synthetic genes more adapted to a plant genome have been constructed. Studies on their expression in cotton is underway. The second focus was to develop strategies that would minimize the risks of inducing insect resistance. The main approach is to associate several genes coding for entomopathogenic proteins with different modes of action. Genes encoding protease inhibitors were chosen. One possibility is to associate a B.t. gene and a gene encoding a protease inhibitor. Several protease inhibitors were tested in artificial diets on major pests of cotton. The corresponding genes have been introduced into the cotton genome. These various orientations of the research program will be presented.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Abe, K., Y. Emori, H. Kondo, K. Suzuki & S. Arai, 1987. Molecular cloning of a cysteine proteinase inhibitor of rice (orysacystatin). J Biol Chem 262: 16793–16797.
Colliot, F. & L. Le Roux de Bretagne, 1993. Lutte contre les ravageurs. Evolution du marché mondial des produits. In: International Conference on pests in agriculture, 1, 1–9. Montpellier 7–9 December 1993.
Cousins, Y., B. Lyon & D. Llewellyn, 1991. Transformation of an Australian cotton cultivar: prospects for cotton improvement through genetic engineering. Aust J Plant Physiol 18: 481–494.
Deblaere, R., B. Bytebier, H. de Greeve, F. Deboeck, J. Schell, M. van Montagu & J. Leemans, 1985. Efficient octopine Ti plasmid vectors for Agrobacterium-mediated gene transfer to plants. Nucleic Acids Res 13: 4777–4788.
Finer, J.J. & M.D. McMullen, 1990. Transformation of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) via particle bombardment. Plant Cell Rep 8: 586–589.
Firoozabady, E., D. Deboer, D. Merlo, E. Halk, L. Amerson, E. Rashka & E. Murray, 1987. Transformation of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) L.) by Agrobacterium tumefaciens and regeneration of transgenic plants. Plant Mol Biol 10: 105–116.
Höfte, H. & H.R. Whiteley, 1989. Insecticidal crystal proteins of Bacillus thuringiensis. Microbiol Rev 53: 242–255.
Jenkins, J.N., W.L. Parrot, J.C. McCarty, F.E. Callahan, S.A. Berberich & W.R. Deaton, 1993. Growth and survival of Heliothis virescens (lepidoptera: noctuidae) on transgenic cotton containing a truncated form of the delta endotoxin gene from Bacillus thuringiensis. J Econ Entomol 86(1): 181–185.
Joudrier, P.E., D.E. Foard, L.A. Floerner & B.A. Larkins, 1987. Isolation and sequence of cDNA encoding the soybean protease inhibitors PIIV and CII. Plant Mol Biol 10: 35–42.
Le Tan-Dumanois, V., 1994. Défense du cotonnier contre les insectes ravageurs: Etude d'une stratégie basée sur l'expression conjointe d'inhibiteurs de protéases et de toxines de Bacillus thuringiensis dans la plante. Thesis dissertation, Université Paris Sud, Centre d'Orsay, France. pp. 94.
Mazier, M., C. Levis, R. Chaybani, S. Astier, J. Tourneur & C. Robaglia, 1994. Enhancement of translational activity mediated by a potyviral 5′ untranslated sequence in vivo but not in vitro. C R Acad Sci Paris, Sciences de la Vie 317: 1065–1072.
McCabe, D.E. & B.J. Martinell, 1993. Transformation of elite cotton cultivars via particle bombardment of meristems. Bio/Technology 11(5): 596–598.
McGaughey, W.H. & M.E. Whalon, 1992. Managing insect resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis toxins. Science 258: 1451–1455.
Pannetier, C., J. Tourneur, V. Le Tan, M. Mazier & P. Couzi, 1994. Genetic engineering of cotton for insect pests management at INRA-CIRAD research group. In: C. Peters (Ed.), Cotton Biotechnology, Proceeding of a Meeting of the Working Group on Cotton Biotechnology. REUR Technical Series 32. FAO Rome. pp. 61–65.
Pannetier, C., E. Guiderdoni & B. Hau, 1995a. Genetic engineering and the improvement of rice and cotton. Agriculture et Développement, Special Issue, Highlights 1995: 13–24.
Pannetier, C., V. Dumanois-Le Tan, P. Couzi, M. Giband, J. Tourneur & M. Mazier, 1995b. Agrobacterium tumefaciens mediated transformation of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.): the use of genes encoding entomopathogenic proteins. In: U. Kechagia & F. Xanthopoulos (Eds.), Proceedings of a Joint Meeting of Working Groups ‘Cotton Breeding’, ‘Cotton Variety Trials’, ‘Cotton Technology’ and Meeting of Working Group ‘Cotton Biotechnology’. NAGREF-Cotton and Industrial Plants Institute, Thessaloniki, Greece. pp. 207–211.
Perlak, F.J., R.W. Deaton, T.A. Armstrong, R.L. Fuchs, S.R. Sims, J.T. Greenplate & D.A. Fischhoff, 1990. Insect resistant cotton plants. Bio/Technology 8: 939–943.
Perlak, F.J., R.L. Fuchs, D.A. Dean, S.L. McPherson & D.A. Fischhoff, 1991. Modification of the coding sequence enhances plant expression of insect control protein genes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 88: 3324–3328.
Sanchis, V., D. Lereclus, G. Menou, J. Chaufaux, S. Guo & M.M. Lecadet, 1989. Nucleotide sequence and analysis of the N-terminal coding region of the Spodoptera-active δ-endotoxin gene of Bacillus thuringiensis aizawai 7.29. Mol Microbiol 3: 229–238.
Stewart, J.Mc.D., 1991. Biotechnology of cotton. ICAC Review Articles on Cotton Production Research No 3, Cotton Advisory Committee (Ed.), C.A.B. International. pp. 50.
Trolinder, N. & J. Goodin, 1987. Somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Plant Cell Rep 6: 231–234.
Trolinder, N. & J. Goodin, 1988a. Somatic embryogenesis in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). I. Effects of source of explant and hormone regime. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 12: 31–42.
Trolinder, N.L. & J.R. Goodin, 1988b. Somatic embryogenesis in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). II. Requirements for embryo development and regeneration. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 12: 43–53.
Trolinder, N.L. & C. Xhixian, 1989. Genotype specificity of the somatic embryogenesis response in cotton. Plant Cell Rep 3(8): 133–136.
Umbeck, F.D., G. Johnson, K. Barton & W. Swain, 1987. Genetically transformed cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) plants. Bio/Technology 5: 263–266.
Wilson, F.D., H.M. Flint, W.R. Deaton, D.A. Fischhoff, F.J. Perlak, T.A. Armstrong, R.L. Fuchs, S.A. Berberich, N.J. Parks & B.R. Stapp, 1994. Resistance of cotton lines containing a toxin to pink bollworm (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) and other insects. J Econ Entomol 85(4): 1516–1521.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Pannetier, C., Giband, M., Couzi, P. et al. Introduction of new traits into cotton through genetic engineering: insect resistance as example. Euphytica 96, 163–166 (1997). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1002906308304
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1002906308304