Abstract
Between 1988 and 1993 six surveys on the condition of forests in Navarra (North Spain) were carried out. The results, relating to 408 trees in 17 sampling points, showed that the overall percentage of damaged trees increased from 2.86% in 1988 to 18.6% in 1993, which indicates a general large-scale deterioration of forest condition. Among the most common groups of trees, the most severely affected species were Quercus faginea, Quercus robur and Pinus sylvestris. Furthermore, it was observed that defoliation and discoloration processes did not occur randomly between stand trees, but the trees that were damaged one year (1992) were more predisposed to suffer damage in the next year (1993).
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Santamaría, J.M., Martín, A. Monitoring of the Phytosanitary State of Navarra's Forests, Spain. Environ Monit Assess 50, 217–231 (1998). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005879728924
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005879728924