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Characterization of elicitor activities of apoplastic fluids isolated from tomato lines infected with new races of Cladosporium fulvum

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Abstract

Apoplastic fluids were isolated from the near-isogenic lines Cf2, Cf4 and Cf5 of the tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) cultivar ‘Moneymaker’ infected with a set of newCladosporium fulvum races 2.5, 2.4.11, 2.5.9, 2.4.5.11, 2.4.9.11 and 2.4.5.9.11 and a set of previously described races 2, 4, 5, 2.4., 2.4.5 and 2.4.5.9. Upon injection of the apoplastic fluids into leaves of the near-isogenic lines Cf0, Cf2, Cf4, Cf5 and Cf9 and the genotypes carrying Cf6 and Cf11 chlorosis or necrosis was observed in all plants that were resistant to the race that initially had been used to raise the apoplastic fluid, except in the genotype Cf11 when the races 4, 2.4, 2.4.5 and 2.4.5.9 from our own collection were involved. The latter races may contain virulence gene all as our collection had not yet been checked for presence of this virulence gene. Apoplastic fluids of all races induced chlorosis on the genotype carrying resistance gene Cf6, a gene which has not yet been overcome by any of the presently described races ofC. fulvum.

Low pH non-denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that apoplastic fluids of compatible interactions with the new races 2.5.9, 2.4.9.11 and 2.4.5.9.11 carrying the virulence gene a9, like the previously described race 2.4.5.9, did not contain the necrosis-inducing peptide, while the peptide was present in all races carrying avirulence gene A9. This indicates that this race-specific elicitor is strongly associated with avirulence gene A9 and is possibly its product as has been suggested previously.

Samenvatting

Uit de bijna-isogene lijnen Cf2, Cf4 en Cf5 van tomaat (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) cv. Moneymaker die geïnfecteerd waren met een set nieuwe fysio's vanCladosporium fulvum 2.5, 2.4.11, 2.5.9, 2.4.5.11, 2.4.9.11 en 2.4.5.9.11, en een set van eerder beschreven fysio's 2, 4, 5, 2.4, 2.4.5 en 2.4.5.9 werden apoplastische vloeistoffen geïsoleerd. Na injectie van de apoplastische vloeistoffen in bladeren van de bijnaisogene lijnen Cf0, Cf2, Cf4, Cf5 en Cf9 en de genotypen met resistentiegen Cf6 en Cf11 werd chlorose of necrose waargenomen in alle planten die resistent waren tegen het fysio dat werd gebruikt voor de bereiding van de apoplastische vloeistof, behalve in het genotype Cf11 waar geen respons werd waargenomen na injectie van apoplastische vloeistoffen, waarbij de fysio's 4, 2.4, 2.4.5 en 2.4.5.9 van onze eigen collectie betrokken waren. Deze laatstgenoemde fysio's bevatten wellicht het virulentiegen all. Onze fysio collectie is nog niet gecontroleerd op aanwezigheid van dit virulentiegen. Apoplastische vloeistoffen van alle fysio's induceerden chlorose op het genotype dat resistentiegen Cf6 bevat, een gen dat nog door geen van de tot nu toe beschreven fysio's vanC. fulvum is doorbroken.

Uit lage pH niet-denaturerende polyacrylamide gelelectroforese bleek dat apoplastische vloeistoffen van compatibele interacties met de nieuwe fysio's 2.5.9, 2.4.9.11 en 2.4.5.9.11, net als die met het eerder beschreven fysio 2.4.5.9, niet het eerder gepubliceerde necrose-inducerende peptide bevatten, in tegenstelling tot fysio's die het avirulentiegen A9 wel bezitten. Dit is een sterke aanwijzing dat deze elicitor inderdaad het produkt is van avirulentiegen A9, zoals reeds eerder was gesuggereerd.

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Scholtens-Toma, I.M.J., De Wit, G.J.M. & De Wit, P.J.G.M. Characterization of elicitor activities of apoplastic fluids isolated from tomato lines infected with new races of Cladosporium fulvum. Netherlands Journal of Plant Pathology 95 (Suppl 1), 161–168 (1989). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01974295

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