Skip to main content
Log in

Membrane cells for chlor-alkali electrolysis

  • Published:
Journal of Applied Electrochemistry Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

A description of the membrane process for the electrolytic production of chlorine, caustic soda and hydrogen from sodium chloride solutions is followed by a discussion of the present state of the art. This includes the development of cation exchange membranes and electrolysis cells. Finally, economic questions and trends for the future are discussed.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. W. Juda and W. A. McRae,J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 72 (1950) 1044.

    Google Scholar 

  2. T. R. E. Kressman,Nature 165 (1950) 568.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Anonymous,Fortune 44 (July 1951) 107.

  4. W. Juda and W. A. McRae, US Patent 2 636 851 (1953).

  5. C. E. Tirrell and E. J. Parsi, US Patent 3 135 673 (1964).

  6. H. Kaden, G. Schwachula, U. Biering and K. Bier, German Offenlegungsschrift 1 941 847 (1970).

  7. Anonymous,Product Engng. 40 (1969) 61.

  8. S. A. Michalek and F. B. Leitz, 44th Annual Conference of the Water Pollution Control Federation, San Francisco, Cal. Oct. 1971.

  9. Idem, J. Water Poll. Control Fed. 44 (1972) 1697.

    Google Scholar 

  10. D. Bergner,Chemiker-Ztg. 101 (1977) 433.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Idem, ibid. 104 (1980) 215.

    Google Scholar 

  12. K. H. Simmrock, E. Griesenbeck, J. Jörissen and R. Rodermund,Chem. Ing. Techn. 53 (1981) 10.

    Google Scholar 

  13. S. C. Stinson,Chem. Engng. News, March 15 (1982) 22.

  14. M. Nagamura, H. Ukihashi and O. Shiragami, in ‘Modern Chlor-alkali Technology’ (Edited by M. O. Coulter) Ellis Horwood Ltd., Chichester (1980) p. 211.

    Google Scholar 

  15. K. Motani and T. Sata,ibid.‘ p. 223.

    Google Scholar 

  16. M. Seko,ibid.‘, p. 195.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Idem, ‘Ion-exchange Membrane for the Chlor-alkali Process’, The Electrochemical Society, 159th Meeting, Minneapolis, Minn. May (1981).

  18. H. Ukihashi,Chem. Econ. Engng. Rev. 13 (1981) 29.

    Google Scholar 

  19. M. Nagamura, H. Ukihashi and O. Shirayami, AIChE Meeting, Orlando, Fla. (1982).

  20. H. L. Yeager and A. Steck,J. Electrochem. Soc. 128 (1981) 1880.

    Google Scholar 

  21. T. D. Gierke, G. E. Munn and F. C. Wilson,J. Polymer Sci. Polym. Phys. Ed. 19 (1981) 1687.

    Google Scholar 

  22. C. J. Molnar and M. M. Dorio, ‘Effects of Brine Purity on Chlor-alkali Membrane Cell Performance’, Society of Chemical Industry, Electro-chemical Technology Group, London, March (1978).

    Google Scholar 

  23. N. Medic and D. Bergner, unpublished work (1980).

  24. Y. Oda, T. Morimoto and K. Suzuki, Europ. Pat. Appl. 29 751 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  25. M. Yoshida, Y. Masuda and A. Kashiwada, German Auslegeschrift 3 003 888 (1980).

  26. D. Bergner,Chem. Ing. Techn.,54 (1982) 562.

    Google Scholar 

  27. D. L. Caldwell, in ‘Comprehensive Treatise of Electrochemistry’, Vol. 2, (Edited by J. O'M. Bockris, B. E. Conway, E. Yeager and R. E. White) Plenum Press, New York and London (1981) p. 121.

    Google Scholar 

  28. H. B. Beer, German Patent 1 571 721 (1970).

  29. S. Saito, in ‘Modern Chlor-alkali Technology’ (Edited by M. O. Coulter) Ellis Horwood Ltd., Chichester (1980), p. 137.

    Google Scholar 

  30. P. C. S. Hayfield and W. R. Jacob,ibid.‘, p. 103.

    Google Scholar 

  31. J. Matsuura,Denki Kagaku 49 (1981) 442.

    Google Scholar 

  32. J. Müller, K. Lohrberg and H. Wüllenweber,Chem. Ing. Techn. 52 (1980) 435.

    Google Scholar 

  33. M. Nagamura, H. Ukihashi and O. Shiragami,Chem. Age India 31 (1980) 441.

    Google Scholar 

  34. H. Schurig,ibid. 31 (1980) 471.

    Google Scholar 

  35. K. Lohrberg and G. Klamp,ibid. 31 (1980) 463.

    Google Scholar 

  36. S. Ogawa,ibid. 31 (1980) 447.

    Google Scholar 

  37. K. Motani,ibid.,31 (1980) 457.

    Google Scholar 

  38. D. Bergner and K. Hannesen,Chem. Ing. Techn. 52 (1980) 413.

    Google Scholar 

  39. S. A. Dahl,Chem. Engng. 82 (1975) 60.

    Google Scholar 

  40. G. Neilson,Du Pont-Magazine 67 (1973) 22.

    Google Scholar 

  41. E. Hausmann, H. Will and A. Belloni,Die Chemische Produktion April (1980) 32.

  42. E. Hausmann, H. Will and K. Klein, PCT-Applicacation WO 81/00863 (1981).

  43. Anonymous,Chem. Ind. 33 (1981) 552.

  44. Anonymous,Europ. Chem. News 37 (1981) 18.

  45. T. W. Boulton and B. J. Darwent, German Offenlegungsschrift 2 809 332 (1978).

  46. R. A. Woolhouse, European Patent Application 45 148 (1982).

    Google Scholar 

  47. A. Nidola, The Electrochemical Society, 157th Meeting, St. Louis, Mo. May (1980).

  48. O. de Nora, German Offenlegungsschrift 3 028 970 (1981).

  49. T. G. Coker, A. B. la Conti, A. R. Fragola and R. M. Dempsey, German Offenlegungsschrift 2 844 496 (1979).

  50. ‘Final Report on Process Engineering and Economic Evaluations of Diaphragm and Membrane Chloride Cell Technologies’, by Abam Engineers Inc. Report No. ANL/OEPM-80-9, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Ill. (1980).

  51. H. Brandt,Chem. Ing. Techn. 52 (1980) 415.

    Google Scholar 

  52. H. Hund and D. Bergner, German Patent 2 437 783 (1976).

  53. R. H. Fitch, B. E. Kurtz and C. W. Merkh,Chem. Engng. World 15 (1980) 35.

    Google Scholar 

  54. R. Spitzer, US Patent 4 036 714 (1977).

  55. E. Hermana, A. S. Infanzoni and M. Baile, in ‘Modern Chlor-alkali Technology’ (Edited by M. O. Coulter) Ellis Horwood Ltd., Chichester (1980), p. 235.

    Google Scholar 

  56. K. J. O'Leary, Ch. J. Hora and D. L. de Respiris, German Offenlegungsschrift 2 601 694 (1976).

  57. F. L. Ramp, German Offenlegungsschrift 2 624 253 (1976).

  58. E. Yeager and P. Bindra,Chem. Ing. Techn. 52 (1980) 384.

    Google Scholar 

  59. D. Schmid and N. Medic, in ‘Elektrochemische Energieumwandlung einschließlich Speicherung’, Dechema-Monographie, Vol. 92, Verlag Chemie, Weinheim (1982).

    Google Scholar 

  60. D. Bergber, K. Hannesen, W. Müller and W. Schulte, German Offenlegungsschrift 2 914 870 (1980).

  61. Idem, German Offenlegungsschrift 2 917 974 (1980).

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Bergner, D. Membrane cells for chlor-alkali electrolysis. J Appl Electrochem 12, 631–644 (1982). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00617483

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00617483

Keywords

Navigation