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Abbreviations

A :

horizontal cross-sectional area of space filling with smoke (m2)

A w :

area of window (or ventilation opening) (m2)

a :

equivalent-source elevation adjustment for window flames (m)

H :

ceiling height above the fire source (m)

H c :

heat of combustion (kJ/kg)

H c,wood :

heat of combustion for wood (kJ/kg)

H w :

height of window (or ventilation opening) (m)

M :

normalized exhaust rate (kg s−1 m−5/3 kW−1/3)

m :

mass exhaust or flow rate (kg s−1)

Q :

heat release rate (kW)

Q c :

convective heat release rate (kW)

R :

mass burning rate inside room (kg/s)

r :

radius from fire axis (m)

ΔT :

temperature rise (K)

t :

time from ignition (s)

t g :

growth time until fire exceeds 1000kW (approx. 1000 Btu/s) (s)

v e :

entrainment velocity (ms−1)

W :

width of window (or ventilation opening) (m)

z :

height above fire source (m)

z f :

flame height above top of window (or ventilation opening) (m)

z l :

“limiting elevation,” approximately equal to flame height (m)

ρ ∞ :

ambient density (kg/m3)

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Hughes Associates, Wheaton, MD, USA

    Craig Beyler & Philip DiNenno

  2. University of Maryland, USA

    James A. Milke

  3. Factory Mutual Research Corporation, Norwood, MA, USA

    Gunnar Heskestad

Authors
  1. Craig Beyler
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  2. Philip DiNenno
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  3. James A. Milke
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  4. Gunnar Heskestad
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Beyler, C., DiNenno, P., Milke, J.A. et al. Letters to the editor. Fire Technol 27, 160–185 (1991). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01470866

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