Skip to main content
Log in

A discussion on models of thermals

  • Published:
pure and applied geophysics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

For a thermal starting from rest, the scales of motion consistent with the initial conditions are given. An alternative time scale based on the motion of the thermal is derived. The anticipated similarity solutions for thermals are summarised and possible qualitative differences between solutions are given. Within this consistent framework previously published laboratory and numerical models of thermals are discussed. Reasons why numerical models have not rigorously demonstrated the existence of a self-similarity solution are considered. Comparisons of all available results show that a single similarity solution valid for all thermals does not exist.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Daley, R. andMerilees, P. (1971),A spectral model of bubble convection, J. Atmos. Sci.28, 933–943.

    Google Scholar 

  • Drake, R. L., Coyle, P. D. andAnderson, D. P. (1974),The effects of non-linear Eddy coefficients on rising line thermals. J. Atmos. Sci.31, 2046–2057.

    Google Scholar 

  • Drake, R. L., Coyle, P. D. andAnderson, D. P. (1975),Interactive line thermals in a convective layer: a numerical simulation, J. Atmos. Sci.32, 375–379.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dutton, J. L. andFichtl, G. H. (1969),Approximate equations of motion for gases and liquids, J. Atmos. Sci.26, 241–254.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fox, D. G. (1972),Numerical simulation of three-dimensional, shape-preserving convective elements, J. Atmos. Sci.29, 322–341.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lilly, D. K. (1962),On the numerical simulation of buoyant convection, Tellus14, 148–172.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lilly, D. K. (1964),Numerical solutions for the shape-preserving two dimensional thermal convection element, J. Atmos. Sci.21, 83–98.

    Google Scholar 

  • Molenkamp, C. M. (1968),Accuracy of finite difference methods applied to the advection equation, J. Appl. Meteor.6, 160–167.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ogura, Y. (1962),Convection of isolated masses of buoyant fluids: a numerical calculation, J. Atmos. Sci.19, 492–502.

    Google Scholar 

  • Orszag, S. A. (1971),Numerical simulation of incompressible flows within simple boundaries: accuracy, J. Fluid. Mech.49, 75–112.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pearson, R. A. (1978),A numerical model of a line thermal: the influence of initial conditions, Il Nuovo Cimento C.3, 223–247.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pearson, R. A. andMcGregor, J. L. (1976)An open boundary condition for models of thermals, J. Atmos. Sci.33, 447–455.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pearson, R. A. andO'Connor, S. (1977),A numerical-dynamical instability, Mon. Wea. Rev.105, 301–316.

    Google Scholar 

  • Richards, J. M. (1961), Experiments on the penetration of an interface by buoyant thermals, J. Fluid Mech.11, 367–384.

    Google Scholar 

  • Richards, J. M. (1963),Comparisons between calculated thermal motions and experiments, J. Atmos. Sci.20, 241–242.

    Google Scholar 

  • Scorer, R. S. (1957),Experiments on convection of isolated masses of buoyant fluid, J. Fluid Mech.2, 583–594.

    Google Scholar 

  • Woodward, B. (1959),The motion in and around isolated thermals, Quart. J. Roy. Met. Soc.85, 144–151.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Pearson, R.A. A discussion on models of thermals. PAGEOPH 118, 913–934 (1980). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01593040

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01593040

Key words

Navigation