Abstract
Equipment has been developed for automatic measurement of the radon dissolved in sea water, with the aim of determining gas exchange rates at sea on the basis of the radon-222 deficiency in the mixed layer with respect to its parent nuclide radium-226. The equipment will be employed to obtain, over an extended period at fixed position, repeated measurements of the vertically integrated radon deficiency. The repetition period will be 2 hours, and sampling will be by a winch-operated submersible pumping system which will continuously scan the radon-deficient layer. The repeated measurements will allow to derive gas exchange rates even under transient meteorological conditions. As opposed to this, radon work carried out to date relied on isolated deficiency measurements and stationary conditions were commonly assumed (the deficiency relaxation time is about 5 days), which, under transient conditions, may lead to considerable errors. Equipment tests have been made at sea and the first integrated-deficiency measurements were obtained on the RSSChallenger in July 1977. Field programs are in preparation for JASIn (Joint Air-Sea Interaction, July–September 1978) and FGGE (First GARP Global Experiment, January–July 1979). The ultimate goal is a parameterization of the gas exchange rate in terms of external parameters, primarily wind speed.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Broecker, W. S. (1965),An application of natural radon to problems in ocean circulation, Symposium on Diffusion in Oceans and Fresh Waters (T. Ichiye ed.), Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory, 116–145.
Broecker, W. S. andPeng, T.-H. (1971),The vertical distribution of radon in the BOMEX area, Earth Planet. Sci. Letters11, 99–108.
Broecker, W. S. andPeng, T.-H. (1974),Gas exchange rates between air and sea, Tellus26, 21–35.
Broecker, W. S., Goddard, J. andSarmiento, J. (1976),The distribution of 226 radium in the Atlantic Ocean, Earth Planet. Sci. Letters32, 220–235.
Deacon, E. L. (1977),Gas transfer to and across an air-water interface, Tellus29, 363–374.
Fischer, K. H. (1976),Eine langsame Impuls-Ionisationskammer zur kontinuierlichen Messung von Radon in Luft, Master's thesis, Heidelberg (unpublished).
Kanwisher, J. (1963),On the exchange of gases between the atmosphere and the sea, Deep-Sea Res.10, 195–207.
Liss, P. S. (1973),Processes of gas exchange across an air-water interface, Deep-Sea Res.20, 221–238.
Lumley, J. L. andPanofsky, H. A.,The Structure of Atmospheric Turbulence (Interscience Publishers, New York-London-Sidney 1964), 239 pp.
Münnich, K. O. andRoether, W. (1967),Transfer of bomb 14 C and tritium from the atmosphere to the ocean. Internal mixing of the ocean on the basis of tritium and 14 C profiles, Radioactive Dating and Methods of Low-Level Counting, IAEA, Vienna, 93–104.
Münnich, K. O., Clarke, W. B., Fischer, K. H., Flothmann, D., Kromer, B., Roether, W., Siegenthaler, U., Top, Z., andWeiss, W.,Gas exchange and evaporation studies in a circular wind tunnel, continuous radon-222 measurements at sea, and tritium/helium-3 measurements in a lake, in Proceedings Nato Symposium on Turbulent Fluxes through the Sea Surface, Wave Dynamics and Prediction (Plenum Publishing Corp., New York, London, Washington D.C., Boston, 1977).
The Royal Society (1977),Air-Sea Interaction Project, Scientific plants for 1977 and 1978, London.
U. S. Navy (1955),Marine Climatic Atlas of the World, Vol. 1, North Atlantic Ocean, The Chief of Naval Operations, Washington.
Weiss, W., Lehn, H., Fischer, K. H., Clarke, W. B., Top, Z., Kromer, B., andRoether, W. (1977),Gas exchange with the atmosphere and internal mixing in Lake Constance, Verh. Ges. Ökol., Kiel 1977, to be published.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Roether, W., Kromer, B. Field determination of air-sea gas exchange by continuous measurement of radon-222. PAGEOPH 116, 476–485 (1978). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01636901
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01636901