Abstract
The goal of this study was to improve an already established reference method, such as the one devoted to organotin compounds determination (Reference Method for Marine Pollution Studies, No. 59, UNEP). The proposed upgrade consists of replacing the mechanical shaking by ultrasound energy and applying low temperature throughout the whole procedure. The optimization of the new operational conditions was performed by using a factorial design. Quality control was performed using a certified sediment reference material (PACS-2) for sediments (82.5–97% of recovery) and recoveries on spiked samples for suspended particulate matter (SPM) and mussels (94–100%). The proposed procedure was applied to surface sediment samples, SPM, and native bivalve mollusks (Brachidontes rodriguezii) collected in Bahia Blanca estuary, a very industrialized zone. The relative standard deviation (RSD %) of the environmental samples were less than 7.9%. It is important to note that the proposed procedure reduced the sample pretreatment time about seven times.
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Acknowledgements
The authors thank W. Melo for providing the estuary map. This research was supported by a doctoral Grant funded by the National Council of Scientific and Technological Research (CONICET-Argentina) and was part of the Ph.D. Thesis of Pamela Y. Quintas. Funding was provided through research Grants PIP D-738 2011, PICT 2010-1302, and PGI 24/Q054 from CONICET, ANPCyT, and the National South University, respectively.
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Quintas, P.Y., Oliva, A.L., Alvarez, M.B. et al. Fast and Feasible Ultrasound-Assisted Pretreatment for the Determination of Organotin Compounds in Environmental Samples. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 74, 645–655 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-017-0494-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-017-0494-6