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Spatial and temporal dynamics of dissolved nutrients and factors affecting water quality of Chilika lagoon

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Abstract

Water quality of Chilika lagoon was assessed for pre- and post-monsoon seasons. A marked spatial and temporal variability in the water quality was observed in this study. Principal component analysis (PCA) reveals the influence of salinity, anthropogenic factors, as well as vegetation on the water quality. The higher concentration of nitrate (NO3−) and phosphate (PO43−) in certain pockets of the lagoon water was due to the prevalence of agricultural, municipal, and domestic waste. A positive correlation between PO43− and DSi indicates their terrigenous input from freshwater influx. Cyclone Phailin had profound impact on several water quality parameters. pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) are governed largely by the presence of macrophytes. The impact of severe cyclone Phailin can be assessed from the very low salinity values persisting in the lagoon even 2.5 months after the cyclone hit Odisha coast. Some toxic heavy metals like Copper (Cu), Lead (Pb), Nickel (Ni), Cobalt (Co), Manganese (Mn), and Iron (Fe) exceeded the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) standards at many locations in both the seasons. Non-conservative behavior of nutrients indicates well mixed nature of lagoon which is also indicative of good primary productivity. Northern sector (NS) of the lagoon is susceptible to eutrophication being riverine influenced region. Southern sector has more stable ion chemistry as a result of least freshwater discharge, constant supply of saline water, and lesser water renewal.

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  1. School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi -110067, India

    Sadaf Nazneen, N. Janardhana Raju, Sughosh Madhav & Arif Ahamad

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Nazneen, S., Raju, N.J., Madhav, S. et al. Spatial and temporal dynamics of dissolved nutrients and factors affecting water quality of Chilika lagoon. Arab J Geosci 12, 243 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-019-4417-x

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