Abstract
In this paper, low cost, small size and wideband microwave notch filter with good peak attenuation based on complementary circular spiral resonator (CCSR) is realized analytically, calculated numerically and verified experimentally. Fundamental frequency of the proposed filter is 2.47 GHz with notch depth − 13.89 dB and unloaded Q factor 49.4. The electrical size of CCSR structure is \(\lambda g/12\) which is very high level of miniaturization. The effects of resonator dimensions, substrate thickness and number of CCSR structures on resonance frequency, notch depth, bandwidth and unloaded Q factor are analyzed in detail. After optimization of different design parameters, an optimized filter is designed which has resonance frequency 2.47 GHz with notch depth − 52.38 dB and unloaded Q factor 83. To verify the concept, prototypes of first- and fourth-stage filters are fabricated and tested using vector network analyzer AV3672. Simulated and measured results are very close to each other.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
M. Sonehara, S. Yamaguchi, Y. Miyajima, T. Sato, T. Inomata, Y. Ono, Characterization of UHF band LC filter with RF spiral inductor using carbonyl iron powder/epoxy composite magnetic and chip capacitor. IEEE Trans. Magn. 53(11), 1–5 (2017)
M. Luo, X. Xu, X.H. Tang, Y.H. Zhang, A compact balanced to balanced filtering gysel power divider using \(\lambda _g/2\) resonators and short stub loaded resonator. IEEE Microw. Wirel. Compon. Lett. 27(7), 645–647 (2017)
D. Psychogiou, R. Gómez-García, Reflection-less adaptive RF filters, bandpass, bandstop and cascade designs. IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. 65(11), 4593–4605 (2017)
D.M. Pozar, Microwave Engineering, 4th edn. (Wiley, Hoboken, 2012), pp. 1–2
I.J. Bahl, D.K. Trivedi, A Designer’s Guide to Microstrip Line. Microwaves, pp. 174–182 (1977)
F. Falcone, T. Lopetegi, M.A.G. Laso, J.D. Baena, J. Bonache, M. Beruete, R. Marque, F. Martin, M. Sorolla, Babinet principle applied to the design of metasurfaces and metamaterials. Phys. Rev. Lett. 93(19), 1–4 (2004)
T.U. Haq, C.J. Ruan, S. Ullah, A. Kosar, Reconfigurable ultra wide band notch filter based on complementary metamaterial. In: IEEE Asia-Pacific Conference on Antennas and Propagation (APCAP), pp. 381–382 (2018)
T.U. Haq, M.F. Khan, O.F. Siddiqui, Design and implementation of waveguide bandpass filter using complementary metaresonator. Appl. Phys. A 122(34), 1–5 (2015)
F. Falcone, T. Lopetegi, J.D. Baena, R. Marqués, F. Martín, M. Sorolla, Effective negative \(\epsilon \) stop-band microstrip lines based on complementary split ring resonators. IEEE Microw. Wirel. Compon. Lett. 14(6), 280–282 (2004)
J. Bonache, M. Gil, I. Gil, J. García-García, F. Martín, On the electrical characteristics of complementary metamaterial resonators. IEEE Microw. Wirel. Compon. Lett. 16(10), 543–545 (2006)
J.D. Baena, J. Bonache, F. Martín, R. Marqués, F. Falcone, T. Lopetegi, M.A.G. Laso, J. García-García, I. Gil, M. Flores, M. Sorolla, Equivalent circuit models for split ring resonators and complementary split ring resonators coupled to planar transmission lines. IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. 53(4), 1451–1461 (2005)
A.H. Sarhadi, A. Hashemi, H. Emami, Optimization of Q factor in complementary spiral resonator for RFID application. In; 21st Telecommunications forum (TELFOR), pp. 693–696 (2013)
J. Choi, C. Talbi, High Q metamaterial interdigital transmission line based on complementary spiral resonators for low phase noise voltage-controlled oscillator. IET Circuits Devices Syst. 6(3), 168–175 (2012)
I. Gil, R. Fernandez-Garcia, J. Balcells, Analysis and characterisation of coupled transmission lines loaded with complementary spiral resonators. IET Microw. Antennas Propag. 5(3), 290–297 (2011)
L. Zhou, S. Liu, Y. Wei, Y. Chen, N. Gao, Dual-band circularly-polarised antenna based on complementary two turns spiral resonator. Electron. Lett. 46(14), 970–971 (2010)
O. Isik, K.P. Esselle, Backward wave microstrip lines with complementary spiral resonators. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 56(10), 3173–3178 (2008)
E.A. Casu, A.A. Müller, M. Fernández-Bolaños, A. Fumarola, A. Krammer, A. Schüler, A.M. Ionescu, Vanadium oxide bandstop tunable filter for ka frequency bands based on a novel reconfigurable spiral shape defected ground plane CPW. IEEE Access 6, 12206–12212 (2018)
X.Y. Zhang, C.J. Ruan, T.U. Haq, K.L. Chen, High-sensitivity microwave sensor for liquid characterization using a complementary circular spiral resonator. Sensors 19(787), 1–14 (2019)
T.U. Haq, C.J. Ruan, X.Y. Zhang, S. Ullah, Complementary metamaterial sensor for nondestructive evaluation of dielectric substrates. Sensors 19(2100), 1–14 (2019)
J. Hong, Microwave Filters for RF/Microwave Applications, 2nd edn. (Wiley, Hoboken, 2011), pp. 76–77
F. Wan, N. Li, B. Ravelo, Q. Ji, B. Li, J. Ge, The design method of the active negative group delay circuits based on microwave amplifier and an RL-series network. IEEE Access, pp. 1–10 (2018)
J.F. Woodley, M. Mojahedi, Negative group velocity and group delay in left-handed media. Phys. Rev. E 70(4), 1–6 (2004)
A. Khanna, Y. Garault, Determination of loaded, unloaded, and external quality factors of a dielectric resonator coupled to a microstrip line. IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. 31(3), 261–264 (1983)
J. García-García, F. Martín, E. Amat, F. Falcone, J. Bonache, I. Gil, T. Lopetegi, M.A.G. Laso, A. Marcotegui, M. Sorolla, R. Marqués, Microwave filters with improved stop band based on sub-wavelength resonators. IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. 53(6), 1997–2006 (2005)
V. Oznazi, V.B. Erturk, A comparative investigation of SRR and CSRR based band reject filters: simulation, experiments, and discussions. Microw. Opt. Technol. Lett. 50(2), 519–523 (2008)
J.D. Ruiz, J. Hinojosa, A. Alvarez-Melcon, Microstrip notch filters based on open interconnected split ring resonators (OISRRs). Appl. Phys. A Solids Surf. 112, 263–267 (2013)
J. Hinojosa, A. Saura-Rodenas, A. Alvarez Melcon, F.L. Martinez Viviente, Electronically tunable microstrip bandstop filters using a varactor loaded open ring resonator (VLORR). Appl. Phys. A Solids Surf. 123, 477–482 (2017)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Haq, T., Ruan, C., Zhang, X. et al. Low cost and compact wideband microwave notch filter based on miniaturized complementary metaresonator. Appl. Phys. A 125, 662 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-019-2923-z
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-019-2923-z