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Impact of biogenic emissions on early summer ozone and fine particulate matter exposure in the Seoul Metropolitan Area of Korea

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Abstract

Understanding how ozone (O3) and fine particulate matter (PM) formation respond to the precursor concentrations in the presence of biogenic emissions (BEs) and thereby changes in health effects can be a key step to design effective air quality management plans. This is particularly true in the Seoul Metropolitan Area (SMA), where future significant controls of anthropogenic sources of O3 and PM2.5 precursors are expected. In this paper, we investigate the effects of BEs on O3 and fine PM (PM2.5) concentrations during a strong photochemical air pollution season in the SMA in Korea. O3 and PM2.5 levels are modeled with and without BEs in June 2008. Further, we perform the health impact assessments (HIA) of O3 and PM2.5 concentration changes due to BEs to seek useful implications for air quality management by utilizing the adjusted exposure concentration fields for O3 and PM2.5 with an observation fusing (OBF) method. With BEs, daily maximum 8-h average O3 (maximum 8-h O3) and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) concentrations in the SMA increase by 17 and 474%, respectively. These increments are associated with significant consumption of photochemical oxidants (Ox), such as a ~ 60% reduction in OH∙ radicals. The reduction in Ox, conversely, lowers the production of secondary inorganic aerosols (SIOAs) by 2.7%. Adjusted O3 and PM2.5 exposure metrics and the subsequent HIA reveal that large mean increments of O3, about 8.43 ppb, due to BEs are responsible for approximately 62 all-cause premature mortalities in the SMA in June. However, mean increment of PM2.5 due to BEs is approximately 0.3 μg m−3 and results in negligible impacts on the all-cause mortality. Significant correlations of O3 and mortality rates (MR) with the VOC/NOx ratios across the SMA suggest that controlling volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from anthropogenic sources can be a priority to reduce O3 levels and population health risks in the SMA. Specifically, linear relationships of log [O3] and log [MR] to log [VOC/NOx] ensure that a 10% decrease in the VOC/NOx ratios through the VOC abatements would lead to a 1.5% decrease in the O3 levels and a 4.3% decrease in the MR on average across the SMA.

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Acknowledgements

This subject is supported by the Korean Ministry of Environment as “Climate Change Correspondence Program” (Project No. 2016001300001).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, 44919, South Korea

    Hyeon-Kook Kim & Chang-Keun Song

  2. School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, South Korea

    Kyung Man Han & Chul Han Song

  3. Division of Interdisciplinary Studies, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, South Korea

    Yang Dam Eo & Jung-Hun Woo

  4. School of Earth and Environmental Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea

    Rokjin Park

  5. Climate and Air Quality Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon, 22689, South Korea

    Sung-Chul Hong & Sang-Kyun Kim

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  1. Hyeon-Kook Kim
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Kim, HK., Song, CK., Han, K.M. et al. Impact of biogenic emissions on early summer ozone and fine particulate matter exposure in the Seoul Metropolitan Area of Korea. Air Qual Atmos Health 11, 1021–1035 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11869-018-0602-4

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