Skip to main content
Log in

Preliminary considerations on the potential influence of submarine fans on marine delimitation

  • Article
  • Published:
Acta Oceanologica Sinica Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The complex issues associated with marine delineation for the outer limit of continental shelf and the boundary delimitation have provoked considerable attention among researchers in a variety of academic circles, particularly in the juristic filed and the geo-science field. In the present contribution, we start from an overview of submarine fans, as one of common types of sediment-deposit bodies in the ocean, and explore the related geological features which may be of relevance to the marine delimitation in accordance with the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. We carry out a comparative assessment of certain significant geological features of submarine fans, using the Bengal fan as an example, which is the biggest submarine fan in the world and represents an important factor in the maritime boundary dispute between the neighboring states currently. The relationship between the special geological bodies and the international principle in the 1982 United Nations Convention can be established by combining geological and juristic analyses. This preliminary observation on the effect of submarine bodies both on the marine entitlement and boundary delimitation indicates that it is important for the international society to appropriately deal with this problem so that the marine right of any state can be protected.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Alex G. 2008. Article 76 of the LOSC on the definition of the continental shelf: Questions concerning its interpretation from a legal perspective. The International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law, 21: 275–278

    Google Scholar 

  • Bouma A H, Norwark W R, Barnes N E. 1985. Submarine Fans and Related Turbidite Systems (v11). Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 351-358

  • Bouma A H. 2000a. Coarse-grained and fine-grained turbidite systems as end member models: applicability and dangers. Marine Petroleum Geology, 17: 137–143

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bouma A H. 2000b. Fine-grained, mud-rich turbidite system: mode and comparison with coarse-grained, sand-rich systems. Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 68: 9–19

    Google Scholar 

  • Brekke H, Symonds P. 2011. Submarine ridges and elevations of Article 76 in light of published summaries of recommendations of the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf. Ocean Development & International Law, 42: 289–306

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bangladesh. 2011. Executive Summary of Continental Shelf Submission of People Republic of Bangladesh. http://www.un.org/depts/los/clcs_new/clcs_home.htm

    Google Scholar 

  • Curray J R, Moore D J. 1971. Growth of the Bengal Deep-Sea Fan and denudation in the Himalayas. Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 82: 563–572

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Curray J R, Moore D J. 1974. Sedimentary and tectonic processes in the Bengal Deep-Sea Fan and geosyncline. Geology of the Continental Margins, 3: 617–627

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Curray J R, Emmel F J, Moore D G. 2003. The Bengal Fan: morphology, geometry, stratigraphy, history and processes. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 19: 1189–1193

    Google Scholar 

  • Donald R R. 2008. Issues and strategies for outer continental shelf claims. The International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law, 23: 185–190

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Einsele G, Ratschbacher L. 1996. The Himalaya Bengal Fan Denudation: accumulation system during the Past 20 Ma. Journal of Geology, 104: 163–184

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Haq B U. 1985. The Destruction of the Tethys and Pale-oceanographic Development of the Indian Ocean. UN-ESCO Workshop Report, 37: 55–79

    Google Scholar 

  • Highet K. 1993. The use of geophysical factors in the delimitation of maritime boundaries. In: Charney J I, Alexander L M, eds. International Maritime Boundaries, VII. Netherlands: The American Society of International Law, 177–178

    Google Scholar 

  • India. 2009. Executive Summary of Indian Continental Shelf and relevant maritime delimitations. http://www.un.org/depts/los/clcs_new/clcs_home.htm

    Google Scholar 

  • Koh T. 1982. Statements by the President at the final session of the Conference at Montego Bay. http://www.un.org/en/index.shtml

    Google Scholar 

  • Liu Li, Cao Ling, Xu Kaizhi. 1995. Formation types of turbidity current systems and the relationship with sea-level. World Geology, 4: 8–12

    Google Scholar 

  • Lv B Q. 2008. Survey of Marine Geology. Shanghai: Tongji University Press Myanmar. 2008.

    Google Scholar 

  • Executive Summary of Continental Shelf Submission of Myanmar. 2008. http://www.un.org/depts/los/clcs_new/clcs_home.htm

  • Mutti E, Johns D R. 1978. The role of sedimentary bypassing in the genesis of fan fringe and basin plain turbidities in the Hecho Group system. Memorie Societa Geologica Italian, 5: 15–22

    Google Scholar 

  • Mattern F. 2005. Ancient sand-rich submarine fans: depositional systems, models, identification and analysis. Earth-Science reviews, 70: 170–181

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McHargue T R. 1986. Internal geometry, seismic facies and petroleum potential of canyons and inner fan channels of the inner Indus Submarine Fan. Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 70: 162–180

    Google Scholar 

  • Normark W R. 1970. Growth patterns of deep sea fans. Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 54: 2170–2195

    Google Scholar 

  • Normark W R. 1974. Submarine canyons and fan valleys affecting growth patterns of deep sea fans. Modern and Ancient Geosynclinals Sedimentation, 2: 56–68

    Google Scholar 

  • Normark W R, Piper D J, Hiscot R N, et al. 1998. Sea level controls on the textural characteristics and depositional architecture of the Hueneme and associated submarine fan systems. Sediment logy, 45: 53–70

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Piper J W, Normark W R. 2000. Sandy fans—from Amazon to Hueneme and beyond. Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 5: 1426–1427

    Google Scholar 

  • Ricci L. 1981. Turbidities of the Northern Apennines: Introduction to facies analysis. Int Geol Rev, 20: 125–166

    Google Scholar 

  • Richards M, Bowman M. 1998. Submarine-fan systems I: characterization and stratigraphi prediction. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 15: 689–690

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Reichert C. 2009. Determination of the outer continental shelf limits and the role of the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf. The International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law, 24: 387–390

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shanmugam G, Moiola R J. 1988a. Comparison of turbidite facies associations in modern passive-margin Mississippi Fan with ancient active-margin fans. Sedimentary Geology, 58:63–77

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shanmugam G, Moiola R J. 1988b. Submarine fans: Characteristics, models, classification and reservoir potential. Earth-Science Reviews, 24: 385–393

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schwalbach J R, Edwards B. 1996. Contemporary channel-levee systems in active borderland basin plains. Sediment Geology, 104: 53–72

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • The Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf. 1999. Scientific and Technical Guideline of the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf. Fifth Session in New York, 11: add 1–11

    Google Scholar 

  • The International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea. 2012. Dispute concerning delimitation of the maritime boundary between Bangladesh and Myanmar in the Bay of Bengal (Judgment). http://www.itlos.org/index

    Google Scholar 

  • William R N, Christina E G. 1983. Delgada Fan: Preliminary interpretation of channel development. Geo-Marine Letters, 3: 79–83

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Wenxian Qiu.

Additional information

Foundation item: Public Science and Technology Research Funds Projects of Ocean under contract No. 201205003; Basic jurisprudence research of natural prolongation and historical territorial waters on the delimitation of outer continental shelf under contract No. JG1315; Geological nature and delimitation influence of Kyushu-Palau ridge in Western Pacific Ocean under contract No. JT1306

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Qiu, W., Jin, X., Schofield, C. et al. Preliminary considerations on the potential influence of submarine fans on marine delimitation. Acta Oceanol. Sin. 32, 133–142 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13131-013-0391-4

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13131-013-0391-4

Key words

Navigation