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Clay Mineralogy of Mississippian Strata of Southeast Iowa

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 January 2024

John B. Hayes
John B. Hayes*
Affiliation:
University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
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Abstract

Clay mineral suites were extracted from 125 biocalcarenites, dolomites, mudstones and arenaceous rocks from the marine Keokuk, Warsaw and Salem formations of Mississippian age from southeast Iowa and nearby portions of Illinois and Missouri. Well crystallized illite, 2M1 polytype, randomly interstratified illite—montmorillonite, and quartz are in all clay suites. In the south part of the area, trioctahedral chlorite is absent or rare in Keokuk rocks, but is increasingly abundant upward in the section. Kaolinite is confined to the upper part of the section. In the north part of the area, the same upward order of appearance prevails, but the first appearances of chlorite and kaolinite are shifted downward in the stratigraphic section. This distribution of clay minerals is similar to that found by investigators in other areas: kaolinite confined near shore, chlorite in an intermediate position and illite concentrated farther from shore. Clay mineral evidence, combined with petrographic and stratigraphic data, strongly indicates that the type Mississippian strata of southeast Iowa were deposited in a southward regressing epicontinental sea.

Vermiculite and abundant mixed-layer illite-montmorillonite, weathering products of chlorite and illite, respectively, mark a local unconformity between lower and upper members of the Warsaw Formation on the crest of the Warsaw Anticline.

Type
General Sessions
Information
Clays and Clay Minerals (National Conference on Clays and Clay Minerals) , Volume 10 , February 1961 , pp. 413 - 425
Copyright
Copyright © Clay Minerals Society 1961

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