Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-r6qrq Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-27T15:40:29.644Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

High-Temperature Phase Development in Illitic Clays

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 January 2024

Bruce F. Bohor
Bruce F. Bohor*
Affiliation:
Continental Oil Co., Ponca City, Okla., USA
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Five illitic clays were treated with various inorganic cations and heated to over 1400°C in a high-temperature X-ray diffraction furnace.

The illite lattice undergoes dehydroxylation from 475–600°C, and the resulting anhydrides begin to disappear at 850°C. The major high-temperature phases formed from untreated illites are β-quartz (1000–1300°C), spinel (1000–1400°C), and mullite (1150–1400 +°C). Minor amounts of cordierite, kalsilite, feldspar, corundum, iron oxide and forsterite may also occur with various adsorbed cations at temperatures above 1000°C. β-cristobal-ite was never observed in any of the runs, contrasting strongly with its prominent development among the high-temperature phases of montmorillonite.

Certain adsorbed cations act as repressors of high-temperature phase development, while others seem to have the opposite effect. The order of decreasing repressive effect— K+> Na+> Li+> Ca+2> Mg+2> Be+2> Sn+2,4—also represents the sequence of increasing electronegativity and ionic potential of these cations. It is postulated that the degree of electronegativity and ionic potential of the adsorbed cations is proportional to the rapidity and degree of mullite crystallization, because of the influence of these factors in ion transfer and reaction product removal in the critical liquid phase at the clay mineral surface.

Type
General
Information
Clays and Clay Minerals (National Conference on Clays and Clay Minerals) , Volume 12 , February 1963 , pp. 233 - 246
Copyright
Copyright © The Clay Minerals Society 1963

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Bohor, V. F. (1959) Characterization of illite and its associated mixed layers: Ph.D. dissertation, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, 134 pp.Google Scholar
Bradley, W. F. and Grim, R. E. (1951) High-temperature thermal effects of clays and related minerals: Amer. Min., v. 46, pp. 182–201.Google Scholar
Brindley, G. W., and Maroney, D. M. (1960) High-temperature reactions of clay mineral mixtures and their ceramic properties: (I) Reactions of kaolinite-mica-quartz mixtures compared with the K2O-Al2O3-SiO2 equilibrium diagram: J. Amer. Ceram. Soc., v. 43, pp. 511–516.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brindley, G. W., and Nakahira, M. (1959) The kaolinite-mullite reaction series: (III) The high-temperature phases: J. Amer. Ceram. Soc., v. 41, pp. 319–324.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brindley, G. W., and Udagawa, S. (1960) High-temperature reactions of clay mineral mixtures and their ceramic properties: (I) Reactions of kaolinite-mica-quartz mixtures with 25 weight per cent quartz: J. Amer. Ceram, Soc., v. 43, pp. 59–65.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Comeforo, J. E., Fischer, R. V., and Bradley, W. F. (1948) Mullitization of kaolinite: J. Amer. Ceram. Soc., v. 31, pp, 254–259.Google Scholar
Green, J. (1959) Geoehemical table of the elements for 1959: Geol. Soc. Amer. Bull., v. 70, pp. 1127–1184.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grim, R. E., and Kulbicki, G. (1957) Exude aux rayons X des reactions des mineraux argileau a haute temperature: Bull. Soc. Francaise Ceram., v. 36, pp. 21–27.Google Scholar
Johns, W. D, (1953) High-temperature phase changes in kaolinites: Min. Mag., v. 30, pp. 186–198.Google Scholar
Kingery, W. D. (1960) Introduction to ceramics: Wiley and Sons, New York , 781 pp.Google Scholar
Kulbicki, G. (1958) High-temperature phases in montmorillonites: Clays and Clay Minerals, Natl, Acad. Sci.—Natl. Res. Council, Pub. 566, pp. 144–158.Google Scholar
Ringwood, A. E. (1955) The principles governing trace element distribution during magmatic crystallization: (I) The influence of electronegativity; (II) The role of complex formation: Geochim, Cosmochim. Acta, v. 7, pp. 189–202, 242-254.Google Scholar
Wahl, F. M., Grim, R. E., and Graf, R. V. (1961) Phase transformations in silica as examined by continuous X-ray diffraction: Amer. Min., v. 46, pp. 196–208.Google Scholar