Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-45l2p Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-29T14:16:59.369Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Expansion of Potassium-Depleted Muscovite

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 January 2024

A. D. Scott  and
M. G. Reed
A. D. Scott
Affiliation:
Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
M. G. Reed*
Affiliation:
Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
*
†Present address: California Research Corp., La Habra, California.
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Muscovite samples were K-depleted with NaCl-NaTPB solutions. By varying the extraction period, samples that varied in total K from 219 to 15 meq per 100 g. were prepared. This treatment did not change the layer charge in the mineral, but it did increase the basal spacing of the mineral from 10 to 12.3 Å.

The changes in basal spacing that occurred when increasing amounts of interlayer K were replaced by Na and the effects of subsequent treatments for the removal of KTPB were determined with two size fractions. In each case, the interlayer K at the periphery of the muscovite particles was replaced by Na, and a fringe of K-depleted mineral with a basal spacing of 12.3 Å developed. In a <50µ sample the particles retained an inner core of 10 Å mineral as the weathered fringe increased. There was no evidence of interstratification. With this sample there was considerable Na trapping when the KTPB was removed with NH4Cl-acetone-water solutions. On the other hand, with a <2µ sample, mixed-layer structures developed as K was removed, and less Na trapping occurred. Na trapping was reduced by removing the KTPB with boiling NH4Cl.

Undried Na-degraded muscovite with only 15 meq K per 100 g did not expand beyond 12.3 Å. The NH4-degraded muscovite samples had a basal spacing of 10.4 Å.

Type
General Session
Information
Clays and Clay Minerals (National Conference on Clays and Clay Minerals) , Volume 13 , February 1964 , pp. 247 - 261
Copyright
Copyright © The Clay Minerals Society 1964

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

Journal Paper No. J 4970 of the Iowa Agricultural and Home Economics experiment Station. Project No. 1234. This work was supported in part by the American Potash Institute.

References

Arnold, P. W. (1960) Nature and mode of weathering of soil-potassium reserves, J. Sci. Food Agr. 11, 285–92.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Arnott, S., and Abrahams, S. C. (1958) Lattice constants of alkali salts of tetraphenyl-boron, Acta Cryst. 11, 449–50.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barshad, I. (1948) Vermiculite and its relation to biotite as revealed by base exchange reaction, X-ray analyses, differential thermal curves, and water content, Am. Mineralogist 33, 655–78.Google Scholar
Barshad, I, (1954) Cation exchange in micaceous minerals, II, Replaceability of ammonium and potassium from vermiculite, biotite and montmorillonite, Soil Sci. 78, 57–76.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bray, R. H. (1937) Chemical and physical changes in soil colloids with advancing development in Illinois soils, Soil Sci. 43, 1–14.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bremner, J. M. (1965) Inorganic forms of nitrogen, Agronomy, 9, 1179–1237.Google Scholar
Bronson, R. D., Spain, J. M., and White, J. L. (1960) Potassium depleted muscovite, I, Preparation using filtration process for treatment with molten lithium nitrate, Clays and Clay Minerals, 8th conf. [1959], pp. 39–43, Pergamon Press, New York.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Caillière, S., hénin, S., and Guennelson, R. (1949) Transformation expérimentale du mica en divers types de minéraux argileux par séparation des feuillets, Compt. Rend. 228, 1741–42.Google Scholar
Cook, M. G., and Rich, C. I. (1963) Negative charge of dioctahedral micas as related to weathering, Clays and Clay Minerals, 11th conf. [1962], pp. 47–64, Pergamon Press, New York.Google Scholar
Denison, I. A., Fry, W. H., and Gile, P. L. (1929) Alteration of muscovite and biotite in the soil, U.S. Dep. Agr. Tech. Bull. 128, pp. 1–32.Google Scholar
DeMumbrum, L. E. (1959) Exchangeable potassium levels in vermiculite and potassium- depleted micas and implications relative to potassium levels in soils, Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. Proc. 23, 192–4.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
DeMumbrum, L. E. (1963) Conversion of mica to vermiculite by K removal, Soil Sci. 96, 275–6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ellis, V. G., and Mortland, M. M. (1959) Rate of potassium release from biotite, Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. Proc. 23, 451–3.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Flaschka, H., and Barnard, A. J. Jr. (1960) Tetraphenylboron (TPB) as an analytical reagent, Advan. Anal. Chem. Instr. 1, 1–117.Google Scholar
Hanway, J. J. (1956) Fixation and release of ammonium in soils and certain minerais, Iowa State Coll. J. Sci. 30, 374–5.Google Scholar
Hanway, J. J., Scott, A. D., and Stanford, G. (1957) Replaceability of ammonium fixed in clay minerals as influenced by ammonium or potassium in the extracting solution, Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. Proc. 21, 29–34.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jackson, M. L., and Sherman, G. D. (1953) Chemical weathering of minerals in soils, Advan. Agron. 5, 219–318.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jonas, E. C. and Roberson, H. E, (1960) Particle size as a factor influencing expansion of the three-layer clay minerals, Am. Mineralogist 45, 828–38.Google Scholar
Mackenzie, R. C., and Milne, A. A. (1953) The effect of grinding on micas, I, Muscovite, Mineral. Mag. 30, 178–85.Google Scholar
Mortland, M. M. (1958) Kinetics of potassium release from biotite, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Proc. 22, 503–6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mortland, M. M., and Lawton, K. (1961) Relationship between particle size and K release from biotite and its analogues, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Proc. 25, 473–6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reed, M. G., and Scott, A. D. (1962) Kinetics of potassium release from biotite and muscovite in sodium tetraphenylboron solutions, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Proc. 26, 4370.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reed, M. G., and Scott, A. D. (1965) Chemical extraction of potassium from soils and micaceous minerals with solutions containing sodium tetraphenylboron, IV, Muscovite, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Proc. Submitted for publication.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scott, A. D., Hunziker, R. R., and Hanway, J. J. (1960) Chemical extraction of potassium from soils and micaceous minerals with solutions containing sodium tetraphenylboron, I, Preliminary experiments, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Proc. 24, 191–4.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scott, A. D., and Reed, M. G. (1961) Determination of the precipitated potassium in sodium tetraphenylboron-micaceous mineral systems, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Proc. 24, 326–7.Google Scholar
Scott, A. D., and Reed, M. G. (1962a) Chemical extraction of potassium from soils and micaceous minerals with solutions containing sodium tetraphenylboron, II, Biotite, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Proc. 26, 41–5.Google Scholar
Scott, A. D., and Reed, M. G. (1962b) Chemical extraction of potassium from soils and micaceous minerals with solutions containing sodium tetraphenylboron, III, Illite, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Proc. 26, 45–8.Google Scholar
Walker, G. F. (1959) Diffusion of exchangeable cations in vermiculite, Nature 184, 1392–3.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
White, J. L. (1951) Transformation of illite into montmorillonite, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Proc. 15, 129–33.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
White, J. L. (1956) Reactions of molten salts with layer-lattice silicates, Clays and Clay Minerals, Nat. Acad. Sci.—Nat. Res. Council, Publ. 456, pp. 133–46.Google Scholar
White, J. L. (1958) Layer charge and interlamellar expansion in a muscovite, Clays and Clay Minerals, Nat. Acad. Sci.—Nat. Res. Council, Publ. 566, pp. 289–94.Google Scholar