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15 pages, 786 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Comparing Relationship Satisfaction and Body-Image-Related Quality of Life in Pregnant Women with Planned and Unplanned Pregnancies

by Razvan-Ionut Daniluc, Marius Craina, Barkha Rani Thakur, Mihaela Prodan, Melania Lavinia Bratu, Ana-Maria Cristina Daescu, George Puenea, Bogdan Niculescu and Rodica Anamaria Negrean

Diseases 2024, 12(6), 109; https://doi.org/10.3390/diseases12060109 (registering DOI) - 22 May 2024

Abstract

This comparative cross-sectional study conducted at the “Pius Brinzeu” healthcare center in Timisoara explored the differential impacts of pregnancy planning status on sexual function, body image, and relationship satisfaction among pregnant women. Employing the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI), Body Esteem Scale for [...] Read more.

This comparative cross-sectional study conducted at the “Pius Brinzeu” healthcare center in Timisoara explored the differential impacts of pregnancy planning status on sexual function, body image, and relationship satisfaction among pregnant women. Employing the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI), Body Esteem Scale for Adolescents and Adults (BESAQ), and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), the study analyzed responses from 107 participants divided into groups of planned (n = 59, mean age 28.5 ± 5.2) and unplanned (n = 48, mean age 27.3 ± 4.8) pregnancies. In the first trimester, unplanned pregnancies reported higher median scores in desire (4.7 vs. 3.6, p = 0.005), arousal (4.5 vs. 3.8, p = 0.001), and lubrication (4.6 vs. 3.7, p = 0.015) compared to planned pregnancies. Satisfaction scores also favored unplanned pregnancies in the first trimester (4.8 vs. 3.9, p = 0.009). Similar trends were observed in subsequent trimesters, with unplanned pregnancies consistently reporting higher FSFI scores, indicating a robust sexual function. Risk factors significantly associated with sexual dysfunction were a higher BMI in the first trimester (beta coefficient: −0.124, p = 0.019), unmarried civil status (beta coefficient: −0.323, p = 0.045), history of previous abortion (beta coefficient: −0.451, p = 0.012), irregular menstrual cycles (beta coefficient: −0.384, p = 0.026), and rural living area (beta coefficient: −0.278, p = 0.034). Notably, unplanned pregnancy itself was not a significant risk factor for sexual dysfunction (beta coefficient: −0.054, p = 0.095). Regarding relationship dynamics, planned pregnancies exhibited significantly higher satisfaction with partner support (4.1 ± 0.9 vs. 3.7 ± 1.1, p = 0.041) and communication within the couple (4.0 ± 1.0 vs. 3.5 ± 1.2, p = 0.020), whereas unplanned pregnancies reported higher satisfaction with emotional closeness (4.3 ± 0.7 vs. 3.8 ± 1.0, p = 0.004). Concerns about managing professional activities and household chores were significantly more prevalent in the unplanned pregnancy group (62.50% vs. 33.90%, p = 0.014). Unplanned pregnancies demonstrated better initial sexual function but faced greater challenges in relationship satisfaction and managing pregnancy demands. Identifying and addressing the risk factors associated with sexual dysfunction can provide targeted interventions to improve the well-being of pregnant women, regardless of pregnancy planning status. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Multidisciplinarity and Interdisciplinary Basics in Mental Health)

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14 pages, 3537 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Novel Microfluidics Droplet-Based Interdigitated Ring-Shaped Electrode Sensor for Lab-on-a-Chip Applications

by Salomão Moraes da Silva Junior, Luiz Eduardo Bento Ribeiro, Fabiano Fruett, Johan Stiens, Jacobus Willibrordus Swart and Stanislav Moshkalev

Micromachines 2024, 15(6), 672; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi15060672 (registering DOI) - 22 May 2024

Abstract

This paper presents a comprehensive study focusing on the detection and characterization of droplets with volumes in the nanoliter range. Leveraging the precise control of minute liquid volumes, we introduced a novel spectroscopic on-chip microsensor equipped with integrated microfluidic channels for droplet generation, [...] Read more.

This paper presents a comprehensive study focusing on the detection and characterization of droplets with volumes in the nanoliter range. Leveraging the precise control of minute liquid volumes, we introduced a novel spectroscopic on-chip microsensor equipped with integrated microfluidic channels for droplet generation, characterization, and sensing simultaneously. The microsensor, designed with interdigitated ring-shaped electrodes (IRSE) and seamlessly integrated with microfluidic channels, offers enhanced capacitance and impedance signal amplitudes, reproducibility, and reliability in droplet analysis. We were able to make analyses of droplet length in the range of 1.0–6.0 mm, velocity of 0.66–2.51 mm/s, and volume of 1.07 nL–113.46 nL. Experimental results demonstrated that the microsensor’s performance is great in terms of droplet size, velocity, and length, with a significant signal amplitude of capacitance and impedance and real-time detection capabilities, thereby highlighting its potential for facilitating microcapsule reactions and enabling on-site real-time detection for chemical and biosensor analyses on-chip. This droplet-based microfluidics platform has great potential to be directly employed to promote advances in biomedical research, pharmaceuticals, drug discovery, food engineering, flow chemistry, and cosmetics. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section A：Physics)

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17 pages, 8915 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Rabies Virus Infection Causes Pyroptosis of Neuronal Cells

by Dongling Yu, Rong Jin, Jundan Liu, Chuanliang Zhang, Chenxing Duan, Xi Luo, Wenhao Yang, Cheng Liu, Jingjing Liang, Xiaoning Li and Tingrong Luo

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(11), 5616; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25115616 (registering DOI) - 22 May 2024

Abstract

Rabies virus (RABV) is a neurotropic virus that causes fatal neurological disease, raising serious public health issues and attracting extensive attention in society. To elucidate the molecular mechanism of RABV-induced neuronal damage, we used hematoxylin–eosin staining, transmission electron microscopy, transcriptomics analysis, and immune [...] Read more.

Rabies virus (RABV) is a neurotropic virus that causes fatal neurological disease, raising serious public health issues and attracting extensive attention in society. To elucidate the molecular mechanism of RABV-induced neuronal damage, we used hematoxylin–eosin staining, transmission electron microscopy, transcriptomics analysis, and immune response factor testing to investigate RABV-infected neurons. We successfully isolated the neurons from murine brains. The specificity of the isolated neurons was identified by a monoclonal antibody, and the viability of the neurons was 83.53–95.0%. We confirmed that RABV infection induced serious damage to the neurons according to histochemistry and transmission electron microscope (TEM) scanning. In addition, the transcriptomics analysis suggested that multiple genes related to the pyroptosis pathway were significantly upregulated, including gasdermin D (Gsdmd), Nlrp3, caspase-1, and IL-1β, as well as the chemokine genes Ccl2, Ccl3, Ccl4, Ccl5, Ccl7, Ccl12, and Cxcl10. We next verified this finding in the brains of mice infected with the rRC-HL, GX074, and challenge virus standard strain-24 (CVS-24) strains of RABV. Importantly, we found that the expression level of the Gsdmd protein was significantly upregulated in the neurons infected with different RABV strains and ranged from 691.1 to 5764.96 pg/mL, while the basal level of mock-infected neurons was less than 100 pg/mL. Taken together, our findings suggest that Gsdmd-induced pyroptosis is involved in the neuron damage caused by RABV infection. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Biology of Host and Pathogen Interactions 2.0)

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16 pages, 421 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Strategic Planning, Transformational Leadership and Organization Performance: Driving Forces for Sustainability in Higher Education in Nigeria

by Yusuf Olatunji Habeeb and Serife Zihni Eyupoglu

Sustainability 2024, 16(11), 4348; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16114348 (registering DOI) - 22 May 2024

Abstract

Leadership is crucial to moving society and organizations from one stage to another. Strategic planning is required to sustain the quality of education due to the changing features of students and the construction of many higher educational institutions in Nigeria. However, because higher [...] Read more.

Leadership is crucial to moving society and organizations from one stage to another. Strategic planning is required to sustain the quality of education due to the changing features of students and the construction of many higher educational institutions in Nigeria. However, because higher education is evolving, leaders’ strategic thinking constantly shifts. This study examines the effect of strategic planning on transformational leadership towards attaining the organizational performance of higher education institutions in Nigeria. This study used a sample of 388 staff from 48 state universities in Nigeria. The findings indicate that strategic planning positively influences transformational leadership and organizational performance. Moreover, transformational leadership positively mediates strategic planning and organizational performance. We empirically validate the role of strategic planning in enhancing the performance of higher education institutions. Also, strategic-planning-focused and transformational leadership processes can be critical for facilitating the proper guidelines to improve higher education institutions’ performance. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Assessing Sustainability in Higher Education)

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14 pages, 3243 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Potential of Chicken–Herb Essence to Improve Milk Production and Infant Health in the Sprague Dawley Animal Model

by Erna Puspasari, Ahmad Sulaeman, Eny Palupi, Fachriyan Hasmi Pasaribu and Astari Apriantini

Foods 2024, 13(11), 1603; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods13111603 (registering DOI) - 22 May 2024

Abstract

Breast milk serves as the primary source of nourishment for newborns. In cases of low milk production, one approach to address this challenge involves the consumption of lactagogues. Chicken–herb essence, a beverage rich in protein, amino acids, and minerals, presents itself as a [...] Read more.

Breast milk serves as the primary source of nourishment for newborns. In cases of low milk production, one approach to address this challenge involves the consumption of lactagogues. Chicken–herb essence, a beverage rich in protein, amino acids, and minerals, presents itself as a viable option to supplement a lactating mother’s diet, particularly in terms of protein intake. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of chicken–herb essence on prolactin and lactoferrin in lactating rats. Furthermore, the study also assessed the lactagogue effect on IgA in offspring. The experimental research method used a completely randomized design. The animal models in this study were female Sprague Dawley rats. The result showed that there was an increase in milk production, as seen from the results of the lactagogue effect. The highest increase in prolactin and lactoferrin was obtained in treatment group II (TG II). The increases in prolactin and lactoferrin of TG II were 214.18 ± 71.99 and 904.02 ± 435.35 pg/mL, respectively. The lactagogue test showed that TG II haspotency as a milk-booster. Testing the blood serum of offspring showed that the highest concentration of IgA was also found in TG II at 398.34 ± 214.85 pg/mL. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Bioactive Compounds from Food on Human Health)

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15 pages, 655 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Investigating the Consumption Patterns of Japanese Seafood during the COVID-19 Pandemic

by Kentaka Aruga and Hiroki Wakamatsu

Commodities 2024, 3(2), 182-196; https://doi.org/10.3390/commodities3020012 (registering DOI) - 22 May 2024

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic, with increased home cooking and decreased restaurant dining, significantly altered seafood consumption patterns. By applying an ordered logit model to identify factors affecting seafood consumption during the pandemic, this study found that the shift in seafood consumption was driven by [...] Read more.

The COVID-19 pandemic, with increased home cooking and decreased restaurant dining, significantly altered seafood consumption patterns. By applying an ordered logit model to identify factors affecting seafood consumption during the pandemic, this study found that the shift in seafood consumption was driven by factors such as changes in meal preparation methods, more time spent at home, and shifts in financial situations. While take-out consumption boosted overall seafood intake, popular varieties saw a rise in home consumption, while high-end seafood suffered from decreased demand as consumers focused more on home dining. This study underscores the importance of supporting suppliers, restaurants, and retailers dealing with high-end seafood, as they face economic challenges due to reduced consumption. In summary, pandemic-induced restrictions on mobility led to a notable transition from restaurant-prepared seafood to home-cooked options, highlighting the need for targeted policies to aid affected sectors. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Impact of Recession, Geopolitical Events and Pandemic on Commodity Prices)

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19 pages, 2517 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Thirty Years on: A Bibliometric Analysis of L2 Vocabulary Research Published in 2020

by Paul Meara

Languages 2024, 9(6), 190; https://doi.org/10.3390/languages9060190 (registering DOI) - 22 May 2024

Abstract

This paper presents an author co-citation analysis of the research on L2 vocabulary acquisition that was published in the 2020 calendar year. The most significant influence at this time is Paul Nation—cited in 85% of the publication set—but a number of other important [...] Read more.

This paper presents an author co-citation analysis of the research on L2 vocabulary acquisition that was published in the 2020 calendar year. The most significant influence at this time is Paul Nation—cited in 85% of the publication set—but a number of other important influences can also be identified, notably, Laufer, Hulstijn, Schmitt and Webb. This paper draws some comparisons with data from 1990, and speculates on how “research fronts” might be identified in an author co-citation data set. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vocabulary Studies in L1 and L2 Development: The Interface between Theory and Practice)

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16 pages, 7781 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Slow Growth of Adventitious Roots in Tetraploid Hybrid Poplar (Populus simonii × P. nigra var. italica) May Be Caused by Endogenous Hormone-Mediated Meristem Shortening

by Lixia Wu, Yuxin Ren, Xuefang Wang, Yuntong Zhang and Jun Wang

Plants 2024, 13(11), 1430; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13111430 (registering DOI) - 22 May 2024

Abstract

Polyploidization produces abundant phenotypic variation. Little is currently known about adventitious root (AR) development variation due to polyploidization. In this study, we analyzed the morphological, cytological, and physiological variations in AR development between tetraploid and diploid Populus plants during in vitro rooting culture. [...] Read more.

Polyploidization produces abundant phenotypic variation. Little is currently known about adventitious root (AR) development variation due to polyploidization. In this study, we analyzed the morphological, cytological, and physiological variations in AR development between tetraploid and diploid Populus plants during in vitro rooting culture. Compared to the diploids, the AR formation times and rooting rates of the tetraploids’ stem explants had non-significant changes. However, the tetraploid ARs exhibited significantly slower elongation growth than the diploid ARs. Cytological observation showed that the tetraploid ARs were characterized by shorter root meristems and reduced meristem cell numbers, suggesting the reasons for the slow AR elongation. Analysis of hormones and related metabolites during AR development demonstrated that the total auxin, cytokinin, and jasmonic acid contents were significantly lower in the tetraploid ARs than in those of the diploids, and that the ratio of total auxins to total CKs at 0 h of AR development was also lower in the tetraploids than in the diploids, whereas the total salicylic acid content of the tetraploids was consistently higher than that of the diploids. qPCR analysis showed that the expression levels of several hormone signaling and cell division-related genes in the tetraploid ARs significantly differed from those in the diploids. In conclusion, the slow elongation of the tetraploid ARs may be caused by the endogenous hormone-mediated meristem shortening. Our findings enhance the understanding of polyploidization-induced variation in AR development of forest trees. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Plant Genetics, Genomics and Biotechnology)

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18 pages, 13233 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Thermodynamic Comparison of the Steam Ejectors Integrated at Different Locations in Cogeneration Systems

by Shifei Zhao, Chunlan Wang, Fan Duan and Ze Tian

Energies 2024, 17(11), 2463; https://doi.org/10.3390/en17112463 (registering DOI) - 22 May 2024

Abstract

Under the challenge of global energy transition, coal-fired cogeneration systems are undergoing a technical revolution towards enhanced efficiency, heating capacity, and flexibility. In this paper, four schemes using a steam ejector integrated into a cogeneration system are designed. Considering operational safety, integrated locations [...] Read more.

Under the challenge of global energy transition, coal-fired cogeneration systems are undergoing a technical revolution towards enhanced efficiency, heating capacity, and flexibility. In this paper, four schemes using a steam ejector integrated into a cogeneration system are designed. Considering operational safety, integrated locations are selected at the front and back of high- and medium-pressure turbines. Subsequently, the thermodynamic and operational characteristics under both design and off-design conditions are analyzed based on a model built in EBSILON Professional. Finally, a sensitivity analysis of the heating process is conducted. The results show that the integration of steam ejectors can increase the waste heat recovery ratio of exhaust steam by 18.42–45.61% under design conditions. The largest waste heat recovery ratio is obtained in System 4, resulting in the power generation efficiency (

η_{g}

) and gross energy utilization efficiency (

η_{p}

) of 81.95% and 65.53%, respectively. Meanwhile, the steam ejector can expand the power-load regulation range of the cogeneration system, and System 4 has the lowest lower power limit among all the systems. The

η_{p}

values of Systems 1–4 reach extreme values at different mixed steam pressures of the ejector. Increasing the pinch point temperature difference reduces the power load

η_{g}

and

η_{p}

of Systems 1–4. The results provide technical solutions for improving the heating capacity and efficient and flexible operation of cogeneration systems. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic District Heating and Cooling Systems)

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13 pages, 5464 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Experimental Study of the Impact of Temperature on Atmospheric Neutron-Induced Single Event Upsets in 28 nm Embedded SRAM of SiP

by Shunshun Zheng, Zhangang Zhang, Jiefeng Ye, Xiaojie Lu, Zhifeng Lei, Zhili Liu, Gaoying Geng, Qi Zhang, Hong Zhang and Hui Li

Electronics 2024, 13(11), 2012; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13112012 (registering DOI) - 22 May 2024

Abstract

In this paper, the temperature dependence of single event upset (SEU) cross-section in 28 nm embedded Static Random Access Memory (SRAM) of System in Package (SiP) was investigated. An atmospheric neutron beam with an energy range of MeV~GeV was utilized. The SEU cross-section [...] Read more.

In this paper, the temperature dependence of single event upset (SEU) cross-section in 28 nm embedded Static Random Access Memory (SRAM) of System in Package (SiP) was investigated. An atmospheric neutron beam with an energy range of MeV~GeV was utilized. The SEU cross-section increased by 39.8% when the temperature increased from 296 K to 382 K. Further Technology Computer Aided Design (TCAD) simulation results show that the temperature has a weak impact on the peak pulse current, which is mainly caused by the change of bipolar amplification effect with temperature. As the temperature increases, the critical charge of the device decreases by about 4.8%. The impact of temperature on the SEU cross-section is determined competitively by the peak pulse current and the critical charge. The impact of temperature on critical charge is expected to become more severe as the feature size is further advanced. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Radiation Effects of Advanced Electronic Devices and Circuits, 2nd Edition)

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15 pages, 1323 KiB

Open AccessReview

Can O-GIcNAc Transferase (OGT) Complex Be Used as a Target for the Treatment of Hematological Malignancies?

by Shiwei Zhuang, Zhimei Liu, Jinyao Wu, Yudan Yao, Zongyang Li, Yanxiang Shen, Bin Yu and Donglu Wu

Pharmaceuticals 2024, 17(6), 664; https://doi.org/10.3390/ph17060664 (registering DOI) - 22 May 2024

Abstract

The circulatory system is a closed conduit system throughout the body and consists of two parts as follows: the cardiovascular system and the lymphatic system. Hematological malignancies usually grow and multiply in the circulatory system, directly or indirectly affecting its function. These malignancies [...] Read more.

The circulatory system is a closed conduit system throughout the body and consists of two parts as follows: the cardiovascular system and the lymphatic system. Hematological malignancies usually grow and multiply in the circulatory system, directly or indirectly affecting its function. These malignancies include multiple myeloma, leukemia, and lymphoma. O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase (OGT) regulates the function and stability of substrate proteins through O-GlcNAc modification. Abnormally expressed OGT is strongly associated with tumorigenesis, including hematological malignancies, colorectal cancer, liver cancer, breast cancer, and prostate cancer. In cells, OGT can assemble with a variety of proteins to form complexes to exercise related biological functions, such as OGT/HCF-1, OGT/TET, NSL, and then regulate glucose metabolism, gene transcription, cell proliferation, and other biological processes, thus affecting the development of hematological malignancies. This review summarizes the complexes involved in the assembly of OGT in cells and the role of related OGT complexes in hematological malignancies. Unraveling the complex network regulated by the OGT complex will facilitate a better understanding of hematologic malignancy development and progression. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Biopharmaceuticals)

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13 pages, 1248 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Randomized Controlled Prospective Cohort Study on the Efficacy of a Witch Hazel Extract Cream for the Eyelids and Eye Contour Area and a Cleansing Face Cream in Dermatitis of the Eyelids

by Federica Veronese, Elia Esposto, Chiara Airoldi, Nunzia Di Cristo, Pamela Paganini, Paola Savoia and Elisa Zavattaro

Cosmetics 2024, 11(3), 83; https://doi.org/10.3390/cosmetics11030083 (registering DOI) - 22 May 2024

Abstract

Background: Eyelid dermatitis is a common, multifactorial, chronic, and/or relapsing condition with a considerable impact on life quality that represents a diagnostic and treatment challenge. Methods: We carried out a single-blind, controlled, randomized, parallel-group study to evaluate the efficacy of two dermo-cosmetics (cream [...] Read more.

Background: Eyelid dermatitis is a common, multifactorial, chronic, and/or relapsing condition with a considerable impact on life quality that represents a diagnostic and treatment challenge. Methods: We carried out a single-blind, controlled, randomized, parallel-group study to evaluate the efficacy of two dermo-cosmetics (cream for the eyelids and eye contour area and cleansing face cream) in which the key ingredient was witch hazel extract, compared to generic cream, in the treatment of patients affected by eyelid dermatitis. Enrolled subjects were treated and followed-up for 4 weeks; dermatological evaluation was objectively performed using the DLQI, OSDI, NRS–itch, and EDSI indicators. Results: The products tested proved to be more effective than the placebo in ameliorating the dermatitis in the treated patients, based on all considered dermatological scores. In the treatment arm, we observed a reduction in both DLQI score and in the indicators related to the extension of dermatitis, greater than that observed in the control arm. Conclusions: This comparative study demonstrates the role of dermo-cosmetic products tested not only as a support treatment, but also as a first-choice clinical approach. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current and Future Trends in Cosmetics Research: The 10th Anniversary of Cosmetics)

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12 pages, 14261 KiB

Open AccessCase Report

A Rare Case of Primary Pulmonary Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Transformed from Marginal Zone Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue Lymphoma

by Kajetan Kiełbowski, Dawid Kordykiewicz, Janusz Jesionka, Janusz Wójcik, Konrad Ptaszyński, Konstantinos Kostopanagiotou, Piotr Waloszczyk and Małgorzata Edyta Wojtyś

Medicina 2024, 60(6), 840; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina60060840 - 21 May 2024

Abstract

Primary pulmonary lymphoma is a rare neoplasm characterized by the proliferation of lymphoid tissue affecting the lungs. The most common subtype is marginal zone lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT). Rarely, a MALT lymphoma transforms into a diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Treatment [...] Read more.

Primary pulmonary lymphoma is a rare neoplasm characterized by the proliferation of lymphoid tissue affecting the lungs. The most common subtype is marginal zone lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT). Rarely, a MALT lymphoma transforms into a diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Treatment options include chemotherapy, radiotherapy, immunotherapy, and surgery. Here, we describe a patient with a primary pulmonary MALT lymphoma transforming into DLBCL. The purpose of this case report is to raise awareness of the relevant clinical and imaging features and to emphasize the need for a multidisciplinary approach to optimal management. In addition, we screened the PubMed and Embase databases for similar reports with a confirmed presence of transforming lymphoma within the lungs. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Surgery)

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19 pages, 4508 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Activation of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-β/δ (PPARβ/δ) in Keratinocytes by Endogenous Fatty Acids

by Bokai Zhu, Xiaoyang Zhu, Michael G. Borland, Douglas H. Ralph, Christopher R. Chiaro, Kristopher W. Krausz, James M. Ntambi, Adam B. Glick, Andrew D. Patterson, Gary H. Perdew, Frank J. Gonzalez and Jeffrey M. Peters

Biomolecules 2024, 14(6), 606; https://doi.org/10.3390/biom14060606 - 21 May 2024

Abstract

Nuclear hormone receptors exist in dynamic equilibrium between transcriptionally active and inactive complexes dependent on interactions with ligands, proteins, and chromatin. The present studies examined the hypothesis that endogenous ligands activate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-β/δ (PPARβ/δ) in keratinocytes. The phorbol ester treatment or HRAS [...] Read more.

Nuclear hormone receptors exist in dynamic equilibrium between transcriptionally active and inactive complexes dependent on interactions with ligands, proteins, and chromatin. The present studies examined the hypothesis that endogenous ligands activate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-β/δ (PPARβ/δ) in keratinocytes. The phorbol ester treatment or HRAS infection of primary keratinocytes increased fatty acids that were associated with enhanced PPARβ/δ activity. Fatty acids caused PPARβ/δ-dependent increases in chromatin occupancy and the expression of angiopoietin-like protein 4 (Angptl4) mRNA. Analyses demonstrated that stearoyl Co-A desaturase 1 (Scd1) mediates an increase in intracellular monounsaturated fatty acids in keratinocytes that act as PPARβ/δ ligands. The activation of PPARβ/δ with palmitoleic or oleic acid causes arrest at the G2/M phase of the cell cycle of HRAS-expressing keratinocytes that is not found in similarly treated HRAS-expressing Pparb/d-null keratinocytes. HRAS-expressing Scd1-null mouse keratinocytes exhibit enhanced cell proliferation, an effect that is mitigated by treatment with palmitoleic or oleic acid. Consistent with these findings, the ligand activation of PPARβ/δ with GW0742 or oleic acid prevented UVB-induced non-melanoma skin carcinogenesis, an effect that required PPARβ/δ. The results from these studies demonstrate that PPARβ/δ has endogenous roles in keratinocytes and can be activated by lipids found in diet and cellular components. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors (PPARs): A Themed Issue in Honor of Prof. Walter Wahli)

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18 pages, 1917 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Oilfield Brine as a Source of Water and Valuable Raw Materials—Proof of Concept on a Laboratory Scale

by Grzegorz Rotko, Ewa Knapik, Marcin Piotrowski and Marta Marszałek

Water 2024, 16(11), 1461; https://doi.org/10.3390/w16111461 (registering DOI) - 21 May 2024

Abstract

Oilfield brine is the largest byproduct stream generated during the extraction of crude oil and natural gas and may be considered a resource for the production of potable water and valuable raw materials. The high salinity of such waters limits the application of [...] Read more.

Oilfield brine is the largest byproduct stream generated during the extraction of crude oil and natural gas and may be considered a resource for the production of potable water and valuable raw materials. The high salinity of such waters limits the application of typical membrane-based techniques. In most oilfields, waste cold energy from the process of the low-temperature separation of natural gas is available and may be used as a source of cold for the freezing desalination (FD) of brine. As a result of the FD process, two streams are obtained: partially desalinated water and concentrated brine. The partially desalinated water may be suitable for non-potable applications or as a feed for membrane desalination. The concentrated brine from the FD could be used as a feed for the recovery of selected chemicals. This paper focuses on verifying the above-described concept of the freezing desalination of oilfield brine on a laboratory scale. The brine from a Polish oilfield located in the Carpathian Foredeep was used as a feed. Four freezing–thawing stages were applied to obtain low-salinity water, which subsequently was treated by reverse osmosis. The obtained permeate meets the criteria recommended for irrigation and livestock watering. The concentrated brine enriched with iodine (48 mg/L) and lithium (14 mg/L) was subjected to recovery tests. Ion exchange resin Diaion NSA100 allowed us to recover 58% of iodine. Lithium recovery using Mn- and Ti-based sorbents varies from 52 to 93%. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Wastewater Treatment and Reuse)

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13 pages, 1617 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Psychometric Properties of the Performance Enhancement Attitude Scale (PEAS) for Brazilian Sports

by Renan Codonhato, Paulo Vitor Suto Aizava, Enzo Berbery and Lenamar Fiorese

Behav. Sci. 2024, 14(6), 425; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs14060425 - 21 May 2024

Abstract

Interest in psychosocial predictors of doping has been increasing as a way of finding new approaches to reduce the use of performance-enhancing drugs. This investigation aimed to test the psychometric properties of an instrument to assess doping attitudes in Brazilian athletes. The PEAS [...] Read more.

Interest in psychosocial predictors of doping has been increasing as a way of finding new approaches to reduce the use of performance-enhancing drugs. This investigation aimed to test the psychometric properties of an instrument to assess doping attitudes in Brazilian athletes. The PEAS was validated in Brazilian sports through a process of translation, back-translation and content validity assessment, presenting satisfactory evidence based on its content (CVC > 0.80). Then, 994 athletes from different sexes, types of sports and competitive levels answered the Brazilian version of the PEAS. The results showed satisfactory evidence of validity based on its response process, internal structure (X²/df = 2.04; RMSEA = 0.032 (0.026–0.038); CFI = 0.96; TLI = 0.95) and reliability (Cronbach’s α, McDonald’s ω and CR > 0.70). Network analysis was also used to further explore the PEAS’s internal structure. Overall, the results provide support for the adoption of the PEAS for Brazilian athletes and possibly other Portuguese-speaking countries. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Interdisciplinary Approaches to Sports in the 21st Century)

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12 pages, 299 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Impact of Production Systems on the Levels of Vitamin E, β-Carotene, and Cholesterol in the Liver of Cattle Raised in the Eastern Amazon

by Adriny dos Santos Miranda Lobato, Jamile Andréa Rodrigues da Silva, Thomaz Cyro Guimarães de Carvalho Rodrigues, André Guimarães Maciel e Silva, Andrea Viana da Cruz, Ana Paula Damasceno Ferreira, Mónica Mendes Costa, António Marcos Quadros Cunha, Vanessa Vieira Lourenço-Costa, Antônio Vinícius Corrêa Barbosa, José António Mestre Prates, Welligton Conceição da Silva and José de Brito Lourenço-Júnior

Foods 2024, 13(11), 1595; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods13111595 (registering DOI) - 21 May 2024

Abstract

The nutritional composition of bovine liver, particularly in terms of vitamins E, β-carotene, and cholesterol concentration, is significantly influenced by the cattle-rearing system and diet. This study aimed to elucidate the impact of four predominant cattle-rearing systems in the Eastern Amazon region on [...] Read more.

The nutritional composition of bovine liver, particularly in terms of vitamins E, β-carotene, and cholesterol concentration, is significantly influenced by the cattle-rearing system and diet. This study aimed to elucidate the impact of four predominant cattle-rearing systems in the Eastern Amazon region on the vitamin E, β-carotene content, and cholesterol levels in bovine liver during the rainy season. Liver-tissue samples were collected from 48 cattle, with twelve specimens representing each rearing system. The systems encompassed two native pastures located in flood-prone areas, cultivated pastures on upland terrain and a confinement-rearing system. Our findings indicate that, when considering all rearing systems collectively, there were no significant differences in the levels of vitamins and cholesterol in the liver tissues (p > 0.05). However, a marked disparity in cholesterol levels emerged when comparing intensive rearing systems to extensive ones, with the former demonstrating notably higher concentrations (p = 0.01). Additionally, the intensive rearing system was associated with elevated levels of β-carotene (p < 0.01), α-tocopherol (p = 0.01), and β-tocopherol (p = 0.01) relative to the extensive systems. No significant variations were observed amongst the different extensive systems (p > 0.05). These results suggest that, while all rearing systems yielded liver tissues with typical concentrations of vitamins and cholesterol, the intensive rearing system led to a higher accumulation of certain vitamin compounds. This study highlights the substantial nutritional implications of different cattle-rearing systems in the Eastern Amazon and provides valuable insights for developing dietary strategies to optimize the nutritional quality of bovine liver. Therefore, the generated results are groundbreaking in the Eastern Amazon, Brazil, and inspire the development of new research projects to address other demands in this field and achieve additional outcomes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Processing and Nutritional Evaluation of Animal Products)

29 pages, 3977 KiB

Open AccessArticle

BIM Policy Trends in Europe: Insights from a Multi-Stage Analysis

by Ewelina Mitera-Kiełbasa and Krzysztof Zima

Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(11), 4363; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14114363 (registering DOI) - 21 May 2024

Abstract

This study offers a detailed analysis of building information modeling (BIM) policy and implementation across Europe, significantly contributing to the sector’s digital transformation. By collating data from governmental, academic, and industry sources, it identifies key trends and evaluates the effectiveness of BIM policies [...] Read more.

This study offers a detailed analysis of building information modeling (BIM) policy and implementation across Europe, significantly contributing to the sector’s digital transformation. By collating data from governmental, academic, and industry sources, it identifies key trends and evaluates the effectiveness of BIM policies in advancing technology within construction. A systematic literature review and text mining across major databases revealed an increasing focus on sustainability, particularly “life cycle assessment” and “energy efficiency”, aligning with the Industry 5.0 initiative. The research shows that 35% of European countries have or plan to introduce BIM mandates, highlighting BIM’s crucial role in enhancing construction practices and influencing policy frameworks. Insights from this study are valuable for researchers, practitioners, and policymakers, guiding the adoption and operationalization of BIM and emphasizing the need for thorough market preparation, including funding, training, and standardization. Additionally, the study suggests a correlation between a country’s economic development and its propensity to enforce BIM mandates. Future research could explore regional policy variations and delve into the theoretical aspects of policy adoption and innovation diffusion to further understand BIM uptake dynamics. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current Technological, Methodological, and Organizational Research Trends in the Construction Industry, Second Edition)

17 pages, 243 KiB

Open AccessArticle

(Re)structuring and (Re)imagining the First Year Experience for Graduate Students of Color Using Community Cultural Wealth

by Ivan Valdovinos Gutierrez and Lillie Ko-Wong

Educ. Sci. 2024, 14(6), 552; https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci14060552 - 21 May 2024

Abstract

Graduate students of color have been entering graduate schools at unprecedented rates, yet these programs and institutions are not ready to fully support their unique needs. Using Yosso’s Community Cultural Wealth framework, we showcase how graduate students of color utilize their cultural capital [...] Read more.

Graduate students of color have been entering graduate schools at unprecedented rates, yet these programs and institutions are not ready to fully support their unique needs. Using Yosso’s Community Cultural Wealth framework, we showcase how graduate students of color utilize their cultural capital to succeed during their first year of graduate studies. We interviewed 10 graduate students from various graduate programs in Southern California and found that graduate students of color activated all six forms of cultural capital to persist through the challenges of their first year in graduate education. As graduate students of color used various forms of cultural capital to combat oppressive systems and structures during their first year, we call on graduate school programs and institutions to restructure and reimagine what support looks like for first-year graduate students of color by using an assets-based approach. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Reimagining Equitable Student Support across Phases of Graduate Education)

21 pages, 295 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Systems Approach in the Prevention of Undernutrition among Children under Five in Tanzania: Perspectives from Key Stakeholders

by Gasto Frumence, Yannan Jin, Amalberga Kasangala, Saidah Bakar, Gladys Reuben Mahiti and Bertha Ochieng

Nutrients 2024, 16(11), 1551; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16111551 (registering DOI) - 21 May 2024

Abstract

Undernutrition among under-fives is one of the major public health challenges in Tanzania. However, there are limited studies assessing the contribution of cultural-related strategies in the prevention of child undernutrition in Tanzania. This study aimed at exploring participants’ experiential views regarding developing culturally [...] Read more.

Undernutrition among under-fives is one of the major public health challenges in Tanzania. However, there are limited studies assessing the contribution of cultural-related strategies in the prevention of child undernutrition in Tanzania. This study aimed at exploring participants’ experiential views regarding developing culturally sensitive strategies for the elimination of child undernutrition for under-fives in Rukwa, Iringa, Ruvuma, Songwe and Njombe regions located in the Southern Highlands in Tanzania. This study applied focus group discussions (FGDs) with forty practitioners to explore culturally-sensitive strategies for effectively preventing child undernutrition in Tanzania. The study participants were purposively selected, and thematic analysis was used to identify themes within the data. This study revealed that district- and lower-level administrative systems should prioritize nutrition interventions in their plans, allocating adequate resources to implement culturally sensitive nutrition interventions, while national-level organs need to strengthen institutional capacity and ensure the availability of funds, skilled human resources and a legal framework for the effective implementation and sustainability of nutrition interventions at the district- and lower-levels. This study highlights that for the successful implementation of culturally sensitive strategies towards the elimination of child undernutrition, there is a need to use a systems approach that allows for collaborative governance whereby different sectors act together to address the persistent malnutrition epidemic. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Early Life Nutrition and Individual Healthy Development)

13 pages, 5266 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Influence of Dry-Mixing and Solvent Casting Blending Techniques on the Mechanical and Biological Behavior of Novel Biocompatible Poly(ε-caprolactone)/Alumina-Toughened Zirconia Scaffolds Obtained by 3D Printing

by Mattia Di Maro, Riccardo Pedraza, Alessandro Mosca Balma, Giovanna Gomez d’Ayala, Giovanni Dal Poggetto, Giulio Malucelli, Ilaria Roato, Donatella Duraccio, Federico Mussano and Maria Giulia Faga

J. Compos. Sci. 2024, 8(6), 194; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs8060194 - 21 May 2024

Abstract

This work focuses on the study and comparison of two mixing methods for the dispersion of Alumina-Toughened Zirconia (ATZ) within the polymer matrix of Poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL). The dry-mixing method using solvent-free impact milling (M) and the solvent casting method with chloroform (SC) were [...] Read more.

This work focuses on the study and comparison of two mixing methods for the dispersion of Alumina-Toughened Zirconia (ATZ) within the polymer matrix of Poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL). The dry-mixing method using solvent-free impact milling (M) and the solvent casting method with chloroform (SC) were investigated. Samples were produced by 3D printing, and specimens were printed at increasing ATZ loadings (namely, 10, 20, and 40 wt.%). The chemico-physical, mechanical, and cell interaction characteristics of the materials prepared with both mixing methods were studied. Solvent mixing allowed better dispersion of the ATZ in the polymer matrix with respect to dry mixing. In addition, dry mixing affected the molecular weight of the PCL/ATZ composites much more than the solvent casting method. For these reasons, materials obtained by solid mixing exhibited the worst mechanical performance with respect to those obtained by solvent casting, which showed increased Young’s moduli with increasing ATZ amounts. The in vitro biological response elicited in a mesenchymal stem cell model seemed to be influenced by the mixing method, with a preference for the composites obtained through solvent mixing and containing 20 or 40 wt.% of ATZ. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue 3D Printing Composites)

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19 pages, 2295 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Robust AI-Driven Segmentation of Glioblastoma T1c and FLAIR MRI Series and the Low Variability of the MRIMath© Smart Manual Contouring Platform

by Yassine Barhoumi, Abdul Hamid Fattah, Nidhal Bouaynaya, Fanny Moron, Jinsuh Kim, Hassan M. Fathallah-Shaykh, Rouba A. Chahine and Houman Sotoudeh

Diagnostics 2024, 14(11), 1066; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14111066 (registering DOI) - 21 May 2024

Abstract

Patients diagnosed with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) continue to face a dire prognosis. Developing accurate and efficient contouring methods is crucial, as they can significantly advance both clinical practice and research. This study evaluates the AI models developed by MRIMath© for GBM T1c and [...] Read more.

Patients diagnosed with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) continue to face a dire prognosis. Developing accurate and efficient contouring methods is crucial, as they can significantly advance both clinical practice and research. This study evaluates the AI models developed by MRIMath© for GBM T1c and fluid attenuation inversion recovery (FLAIR) images by comparing their contours to those of three neuro-radiologists using a smart manual contouring platform. The mean overall Sørensen–Dice Similarity Coefficient metric score (DSC) for the post-contrast T1 (T1c) AI was 95%, with a 95% confidence interval (CI) of 93% to 96%, closely aligning with the radiologists’ scores. For true positive T1c images, AI segmentation achieved a mean DSC of 81% compared to radiologists’ ranging from 80% to 86%. Sensitivity and specificity for T1c AI were 91.6% and 97.5%, respectively. The FLAIR AI exhibited a mean DSC of 90% with a 95% CI interval of 87% to 92%, comparable to the radiologists’ scores. It also achieved a mean DSC of 78% for true positive FLAIR slices versus radiologists’ scores of 75% to 83% and recorded a median sensitivity and specificity of 92.1% and 96.1%, respectively. The T1C and FLAIR AI models produced mean Hausdorff distances (<5 mm), volume measurements, kappa scores, and Bland–Altman differences that align closely with those measured by radiologists. Moreover, the inter-user variability between radiologists using the smart manual contouring platform was under 5% for T1c and under 10% for FLAIR images. These results underscore the MRIMath© platform’s low inter-user variability and the high accuracy of its T1c and FLAIR AI models. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Clinical Advances and Applications in Neuroradiology)

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13 pages, 6527 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Residual Magnetic Field Testing System with Tunneling Magneto-Resistive Arrays for Crack Inspection in Ferromagnetic Pipes

by Shuxiang Zhao, Junqi Gao, Jiamin Chen and Lindong Pan

Sensors 2024, 24(11), 3259; https://doi.org/10.3390/s24113259 (registering DOI) - 21 May 2024

Abstract

Ferromagnetic pipes are widely used in the oil and gas industry. They are subject to cracks due to corrosion, pressure, and fatigue. It is significant to detect cracks for the safety of pipes. A residual magnetic field testing (RMFT) system is developed for [...] Read more.

Ferromagnetic pipes are widely used in the oil and gas industry. They are subject to cracks due to corrosion, pressure, and fatigue. It is significant to detect cracks for the safety of pipes. A residual magnetic field testing (RMFT) system is developed for crack detection in ferromagnetic pipes. Based on this background, a detection probe based on an array of tunneling magneto-resistive (TMR) sensors and permanent magnets is exploited. The probe is able to partially magnetize the pipe wall and collect magnetic signals simultaneously. First, a theoretical analysis of RMFT is presented. The physics principle of RMFT is introduced, and a finite element model is built. In the finite element simulations, the effects of the crack length and depth on the RMFT signal are analyzed, and the signal characteristics are selected to represent the crack size. Next, the validated experiments are conducted to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed RMFT method in this paper. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sensors in Nondestructive Testing)

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