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Importance of tree height and social position for drought-related stress on tree growth and mortality

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Abstract

Key message

A higher mortality of dominant trees under drought stress is explained by impacts of tree size, canopy- and root structure and the hydraulic transport system.

Abstract

Drought stress can trigger tree mortality but the impact depends on stress intensity (water demand and availability) and on the vulnerability of the individual. Therefore, most research focusses on the species-specific properties such as water use efficiency or hydraulic conductivity that determine vulnerability. At the ecosystem scale, however, tree properties that have been found important for drought sensitivity or resistance vary with individual size and resource availability within a forest—also within the same species. This is caused by different environmental conditions for each tree and hence different growth histories of individuals generating specific anatomical and physiological features. Individual drought stress sensitivity might thus be considerably different from stand scale sensitivity. Indeed, empirical evidence shows that drought stress impact depends on tree social position which can be defined in degrees of suppression but correlated to resource availability, stress sensitivity and stress exposure. In this review, we collect such evidence and discuss the role of microclimate and soil water distribution as well as anatomical and physiological adjustments, which might serve as foundation for better-adapted management strategies to mitigate drought stress impacts. Finally, we define model requirements aiming to capture stand-scale drought responses or management impacts related to drought stress mitigation.

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Fig. 1

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Fig. 2

The figure is redrawn from Eis (1970) using Microsoft PowerPoint 2010

Fig. 3

Figure from Bittner et al. (2012a)

Fig. 4

Figure produced with Microsoft PowerPoint 2010

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Acknowledgments

We acknowledge support by the German Research Foundation (DFG) under contract numbers GE 1090/8-1 and 9-1.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Kreuzeckbahnstr. 19, 82467, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany

    Rüdiger Grote

  2. Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland

    Arthur Gessler

  3. Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Eberswalder Straße 84, 15374, Müncheberg, Germany

    Arthur Gessler & Robert Hommel

  4. Hochschule für Nachhaltige Entwicklung Eberswalde, Schicklerstraße 5, 16225, Eberswalde, Germany

    Robert Hommel

  5. Chair of Forest Yield Science, Technische Universität München, Hans-Carl-v.-Carlowitz-Platz 2, 85354, Freising, Germany

    Werner Poschenrieder

  6. Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany

    Eckart Priesack

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  1. Rüdiger Grote
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Grote, R., Gessler, A., Hommel, R. et al. Importance of tree height and social position for drought-related stress on tree growth and mortality. Trees 30, 1467–1482 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00468-016-1446-x

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