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Greening flood protection through knowledge processes: lessons from the Markermeer dikes project in the Netherlands

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Abstract

Greening flood protection (GFP) is increasingly recognized as an adaptive and flexible approach to water management that is well suited to addressing uncertain futures associated with climate change. In the last decade, GFP knowledge and policies have developed rapidly, but implementation has been less successful and has run into numerous barriers. In this paper, we address the challenge of realizing green flood protection goals by specifically considering knowledge in the decision-making of a Dutch flood protection project in Lake Markermeer. In this project, an ecological knowledge arrangement and a traditional flood protection knowledge arrangement are compared and their interactions analysed. The analysis provides insight into the specific difficulties of implementing GFP measures and identifies ways to realize GFP goals. The primary challenge is twofold: First, a self-reinforcing cycle of knowledge production and decision-making in the flood protection domain inhibits the introduction of innovative and multifunctional approaches such as GFP; second, the distribution of power is severely unbalanced in terms of ecological enhancement and flood protection, favouring the latter. Implementation of GFP requires structural change and the integration of ecological and flood protection knowledge and policy. Potentially rewarding routes towards this integration are the exploration of shared interests in GFP and the creation of mutual dependency between knowledge arrangements. The case study and the insights it provides show that GFP is far from mainstream practice and that implementation requires serious effort and courage to break with historical practices.

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Acknowledgments

We thank the employees of HHNK for their support in searching for data. We are grateful to the interview respondents for sharing information and time. This paper has benefited from discussions with Bas Borsje, Bertien Broekhans and Trudes Heems, as well as participants of the panel ‘Making sense and managing sensitivities of designing and developing multipurpose technological artefacts’ at IPA 2013 in Vienna. Arjen Francke performed interviews for the case study, of which we have taken full advantage. We thank the anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments. This research was financially supported by the Building with Nature program (www.ecoshape.nl).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Scenarios and Policy Analysis, Deltares, P.O. Box 177, 2600 MH, Delft, The Netherlands

    Stephanie K. H. Janssen

  2. Faculty of Technology, Policy and Management, Delft University of Technology, P.O. Box 5015, 2600 GA, Delft, The Netherlands

    Stephanie K. H. Janssen

  3. Environmental Policy Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 8130, 6700 EW, Wageningen, The Netherlands

    Jan P. M. van Tatenhove & Arthur P. J. Mol

  4. Subsurface and Groundwater Systems, Deltares, P.O. Box 85467, 3508 AL, Utrecht, The Netherlands

    Henriëtte S. Otter

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  1. Stephanie K. H. Janssen
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Janssen, S.K.H., van Tatenhove, J.P.M., Mol, A.P.J. et al. Greening flood protection through knowledge processes: lessons from the Markermeer dikes project in the Netherlands. Reg Environ Change 17, 551–563 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10113-016-1040-1

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