Abstract
The variability of the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) is studied using a pacemaker technique driven by ENSO in an atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) coupled to a slab mixed layer model. In the pacemaker experiments, sea surface temperature (SST) is constrained to observations in the eastern equatorial Pacific through a q-flux that measures the contribution of ocean dynamics to SST variability, while the AGCM is coupled to the slab model. An ensemble of pacemaker experiments is analyzed using a multivariate EOF analysis to identify the two major modes of variability of the EASM. The results show that the pacemaker experiments simulate a substantial amount (around 45 %) of the variability of the first mode (the Pacific-Japan pattern) in ERA40 from 1979 to 1999. Different from previous work, the pacemaker experiments also simulate a large part (25 %) of the variability of the second mode, related to rainfall variability over northern China. Furthermore, we find that the lower (850 hPa) and the upper (200 hPa) tropospheric circulation of the first mode display the same degree of reproducibility whereas only the lower part of the second mode is reproducible. The basis for the success of the pacemaker experiments is the ability of the experiments to reproduce the observed relationship between El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the EASM.
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Acknowledgments
HD and RJG are grateful for continued support from GEOMAR. JL is supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy as part of the Regional and Global Climate Modeling program. BC acknowledges the support from the National Science Foundation (grants 0830068, 0957884, and 1338427), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (grant NA09OAR4310058), and National Aeronautics and Space Administration (grant NNX09AN50G). We are grateful to two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments.
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Responsible Editor: Jinyu Sheng
This article is part of the Topical Collection on Atmosphere and Ocean Dynamics: A Scientific Workshop to Celebrate Professor Dr. Richard Greatbatch’s 60th Birthday, Liverpool, UK, 10-11 April 2014
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Ding, H., Greatbatch, R.J., Lu, J. et al. The East Asian Summer Monsoon in pacemaker experiments driven by ENSO. Ocean Dynamics 65, 385–393 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10236-014-0795-5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10236-014-0795-5