Day-Scale Variability of 3C 279 and Searches forCorrelations in Gamma-Ray, X-Ray, and OpticalBands

R. C. Hartman; M. Villata; T. J. Balonek; D. L. Bertsch; H. Bock; M. Böttcher; M. T. Carini; W. Collmar; G. De Francesco; E. C. Ferrara; J. Heidt; G. Kanbach; S. Katajainen; M. Koskimies; O. M. Kurtanidze; L. Lanteri; A. Lawson; Y. C. Lin; A. P. Marscher; J. P. McFarland; I. M. McHardy; H. R. Miller; M. Nikolashvili; K. Nilsson; J. C. Noble; G. Nucciarelli; L. Ostorero; T. Pursimo; C. M. Raiteri; R. Rekola; T. Savolainen; A. Sillanpää; A. Smale; G. Sobrito; L. O. Takalo; D. J. Thompson; G. Tosti; S. J. Wagner; J. W. Wilson

doi:10.1086/322462

Day-Scale Variability of 3C 279 and Searches for Correlations in Gamma-Ray, X-Ray, and Optical Bands

R. C. Hartman¹, M. Villata², T. J. Balonek³, D. L. Bertsch¹, H. Bock⁴, M. Böttcher^5,6, M. T. Carini⁷, W. Collmar⁸, G. De Francesco², E. C. Ferrara⁹, J. Heidt⁴, G. Kanbach⁸, S. Katajainen¹⁰, M. Koskimies¹⁰, O. M. Kurtanidze¹¹, L. Lanteri², A. Lawson¹², Y. C. Lin¹³, A. P. Marscher¹⁴, J. P. McFarland⁹, I. M. McHardy¹², H. R. Miller⁹, M. Nikolashvili¹⁵, K. Nilsson¹⁰, J. C. Noble¹⁴, G. Nucciarelli¹⁶, L. Ostorero², T. Pursimo¹⁰, C. M. Raiteri², R. Rekola¹⁰, T. Savolainen¹⁰, A. Sillanpää¹⁰, A. Smale¹⁷, G. Sobrito², L. O. Takalo¹⁰, D. J. Thompson¹, G. Tosti¹⁶, S. J. Wagner⁴, and J. W. Wilson⁹

© 2001. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved. Printed in U.S.A.
The Astrophysical Journal, Volume 558, Number 2 Citation R. C. Hartman et al 2001 ApJ 558 583 DOI 10.1086/322462

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¹ Code 661, NASA/GSFC, Greenbelt, MD 20771

² Osservatorio Astronomico di Torino, Strada Osservatorio 20, I-10025 Pino Torinese, Italy

³ Department of Physics and Astronomy, Colgate University, 13 Oak Drive, Hamilton, NY 13346-1398

⁴ Landessternwarte Königstuhl, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany

⁵ Department of Space Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005-1892

⁶ Chandra Fellow

⁷ Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, Western Kentucky University, 1 Big Red Way, Bowling Green, KY 42104

⁸ Max-Planck-Institut für Extraterrestrische Physik, P.O. Box 1603, 85740 Garching, Germany

⁹ Department of Physics and Astronomy, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303

¹⁰ Tuorla Observatory, Väisäläntie 20, FIN-21500 Piikkiö, Finland

¹¹ Astrophysikalisches Institut Potsdam, An der Sternwarte 16, 14482 Potsdam, Germany

¹² Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, UK

¹³ W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305

¹⁴ Institute for Astrophysical Research, Boston University, 725 Commonwealth Ave., Boston, MA 02215

¹⁵ Abastumani Observatory, 383762 Abastumani, Republic of Georgia

¹⁶ Osservatorio Astronomico di Perugia, Via Bonfigli, 06123 Perugia, Italy

¹⁷ Code 662, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771

Dates

Received 2001 March 1
Accepted 2001 May 4

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Abstract

Light curves of 3C 279 are presented in optical (R band), X-rays (RXTE/PCA), and γ rays (CGRO/EGRET) for 1999 January-February and 2000 January-March. During both of those epochs the γ-ray levels were high and all three observed bands demonstrated substantial variation, on timescales as short as 1 day. Correlation analyses provided no consistent pattern, although a rather significant optical/γ-ray correlation was seen in 1999, with a γ-ray lag of ~2.5 days, and there are other suggestions of correlations in the light curves. For comparison, correlation analysis is also presented for the γ-ray and X-ray light curves during the large γ ray flare in 1996 February and the two γ-bright weeks leading up to it; the correlation at that time was strong, with a γ-ray/X-ray offset of no more than 1 day.

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