Abstract
The Carboniferous foreland basin of western Poland contains a coherent succession of late Viséan through Westphalian turbidites derived from a uniform group of sources located within a continental magmatic arc. Detrital zircon geochronology indicates that two main crustal components were present in the source area of Namurian A sediments. They represent Late Devonian and Early Carboniferous ages, respectively. The detritus from Westphalian D beds is much more diversified and contains admixture of Late Carboniferous zircons suggesting rapid unroofing of Variscan igneous intrusions in the hinterland between Namurian A and Westphalian D times. Tectonic repetitions of tens of metres thick fault-bounded stratigraphic intervals, recorded in several wells, provide evidence for compressional regime that occurred in the SW part of the Carboniferous basin not earlier than during the Westphalian C and produced NW–SE trending folds, concordant with the structural grain of the adjacent, NE part of the Bohemian Massif.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Aleksandrowski P, Kryza R, Mazur S, Żaba J (1997) Kinematic data on major Variscan fault and shear zones in the Polish Sudetes, NE Bohemian Massif. Geol Mag 134:727–739. doi:10.1017/S0016756897007590
Aleksandrowski P, Mazur S (2002) Collage tectonics in the northeasternmost part of the Variscan Belt: the Sudetes, Bohemian Massif. In: Winchester J, Pharaoh T, Verniers J (eds) Palaeozoic Amalgamation of Central Europe, Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 201, pp 237–277
Antonowicz L, Hooper R, Iwanowska E (2003) Lublin syncline as a result of thin-skinned Variscan deformation. Przegl Geol 51:344–350. In Polish
Aramowicz A, Anczkiewicz AA, Mazur S (2006) Fission-track dating of apatite from the Góry Sowie Massif, Polish Sudetes, NE Bohemian Massif: implications for post-Variscan denudation and uplift. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Abhandlungen 182(3):221–229
Arthaud F, Matte P (1977) Late Paleozoic strike-slip faulting in southern Europe and northern Africa: Result of a right-lateral shear zone between the Appalachians and the Urals. Geol Soc Am Bull 88:1305–1320. doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1977)88<1305:LPSFIS>2.0.CO;2
Berzin R, Oncken O, Knapp JH, Perez-Estaun A, Hismatulin T, Yunusov N et al (1996) Orogenic evolution of the Ural Mountains: results from an integrated seismic experiment. Science 274:220–221. doi:10.1126/science.274.5285.220
Bhatia MR, Crook KAW (1986) Trace element characteristics of greywackes and tectonic setting discrimination of sedimentary basins. Contrib Mineral Petrol 92:181–193. doi:10.1007/BF00375292
Bröcker M, Żelaźniewicz A, Enders M (1998) Rb-Sr and U-Pb geochronology of migmatitic gneisses from the Góry Sowie (West Sudetes, Poland): the importance of Mid–Late Devonian metamorphism. J Geol Soc London 155:1025–1036. doi:10.1144/gsjgs.155.6.1025
Brown D, Puchkov V, Alvarez-Marron J, Bea F, Perez-Estaun A (2006) Tectonic processes in the South and Middle Uralides: An overview. In: Gee D, Stephenson R (eds) European Lithosphere Dynamics, Geological Society Memoir, pp 409–419
Claoué-Long JC, Compston W, Roberts J, Fanning CM (1995) Two Carboniferous ages: A comparison of SHRIMP zircon dating with conventional zircon ages and 40Ar/39Ar analysis. Soc Sediment Geol Spec Publ 54:3–21
Corfield SM, Gawthorpe RL, Gage M, Fraser AJ, Besly BM (1996) Inversion tectonics of the Variscan foreland of the British Isles. J Geol Soc London 153:17–32. doi:10.1144/gsjgs.153.1.0017
Dadlez R (1997) Seismic profile LT-7 (northwest Poland): geological implications. Geol Mag 134(5):653–659. doi:10.1017/S0016756897007401
Dadlez R, Marek S, Pokorski J (2000) Geological map of Poland without Cainozoic deposits. Polish Geological Institute, Wydawnictwa Kartograficzne Polskiej Agencji Ekologicznej S.A. Warszawa
Dörr W, Żelaźniewicz A, Bylina P, Schastok J, Franke W, Haack U, et al (2006) Tournaisian age of granitoids from the Odra Fault Zone (southwestern Poland): equivalent of the Mid-German Crystalline High? Int J Earth Sci 95(2):341–349. doi:10.1007/s00531-005-0044-8
Friberg M, Juhlin C, Beckholmen M, Petrov GA, Green AG (2002) Palaeozoic tectonic evolution of the Middle Urals in the light of the ESRU seismic experiments. J Geol Soc London 159:295–306. doi:10.1144/0016-764900-189
Górecka-Nowak A (2007) Palynological constraints on the age of the Carboniferous clastic succession of SW Poland (Fore-Sudetic area) based on miospore data. Geol Q 51(1):39–56
Grad M, Guterch A, Mazur S (2002) Seismic refraction evidence for crustal structure in the central part of the Trans-European Suture Zone in Poland. In: Winchester J, Pharaoh T, Verniers J (eds) Palaeozoic amalgamation of Central Europe, Geological Society of London, Special Publications, 201, pp 295–309
Harland WB, Armstrong RL, Cox AV, Craig LE, Smith AG, Smith DG (1990) A geologic time scale, 1989 edn. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 1–263
Gradstein FM, Ogg JG (eds) (2004) A geologic time scale 2004. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 1–589
Grocholski W (1975) Variscides of southern Wielkopolska. Przegl Geol 23(4):171–174. In Polish
Guterch A, Grad M, Janik T, Materzo R, Luosto U, Yliniemi J, et al (1994) Crustal structure of the transitional zone between Precambrian and Variscan Europe from new seismic data along LT-7 profile (NW Poland and eastern Germany). C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris 319, series II, pp 1489–1496
Haydukiewicz J, Muszer J, Kłapciński J (1999) Palaeontological documentation of the sub-Permian sediments in the vicinity of Zbąszyń (Fore-Sudetic Monocline) (in Polish). In: Muszer A (ed) Selected problems of stratigraphy, tectonics and ore mineralization in Lower Silesia, Wrocław, pp 7–17
Henk A (1993) Late orogenic basin evolution in the Variscan Internides: the Saar-Nahe Basin, southwest Germany. Tectonophysics 223:273–290. doi:10.1016/0040-1951(93)90141-6
Jaworowski K (2002) Geotectonic significance of Carboniferous deposits NW of the Holy Cross Mts. (central Poland). Geol Q 46:267–280
Jubitz KB, Znosko J, Franke D (1986) Tectonic Map, International Geological Correlation Programme, Project No 86: South-West Border of the East European Platform. Zentrale Geologisches Institut, Berlin
Karnkowski PH, Rdzanek K (1982) Remarks on the substratum of Permian in Wielkopolska. Kwart Geol 26(2):327–340. In Polish
Krzemiński L (2005) Provenance of Carboniferous sandstones from the Variscan foreland basins in southwestern Poland and Moravia. Biul Panstw Inst Geol 417:27–108. In Polish
Ludwig KR (1999) User’s manual for Isoplot/Ex, Version 2.10, A geochronological toolkit for Microsoft Excel. Berkeley Geochronology Center Special Publication, Berkeley
Ludwig KR (2000) SQUID 1.00, user’s manual, Berkeley Geochronology Center Special Publication, Berkeley
McCann T, Pascal C, Timmerman MJ, Krzywiec P, López-Gómez J, Wetzel A, et al (2006) Post-Variscan (end Carboniferous–Early Permian) basin evolution in Western and Central Europe. In: Gee DG, Stephenson RA (eds) European lithosphere dynamics. Geological Society, London, Memoirs 32, pp 97–112
Marheine D, Kachlik V, Maluski H, Patočka F, Żelaźniewicz A (2002) The 40Ar-39Ar ages from the West Sudetes (NE Bohemian Massif): constraints on the Variscan polyphase tectonothemal development. In: Winchester J, Pharaoh T, Verniers J (eds) Palaeozoic Amalgamation of Central Europe, Geological Society of London Special Publications 201, pp 133–155
Maystrenko Y, Stovba S, Stephenson R, Bayer U, Menyoli E, Gajewski D, et al (2003) Crustal-scale pop-up structure in cratonic lithosphere: DOBRE deep seismic reflection study of the Donbas fold belt, Ukraine. Geology 31(8):733–736. doi:10.1130/G19329.1
Mazur S, Scheck-Wenderoth M, Krzywiec P (2005) Different modes of the Late Cretaceous–Early Tertiary inversion in the North German and Polish basins. Int J Earth Sci 94:782–798. doi:10.1007/s00531-005-0016-z
Mazur S, Dunlap WJ, Turniak K, Oberc-Dziedzic T (2006a) Age constraints for the thermal evolution and erosional history of the central European Variscan belt: new data from the sediments and basement of the Carboniferous foreland basin in western Poland. J Geol Soc London 163(6):1011–1024. doi:10.1144/0016-76492004-170
Mazur S, Aleksandrowski P, Kryza R, Oberc-Dziedzic T (2006b) The Variscan Orogen in Poland. Geol Q 50:89–118
Oberc J (1972) Geology of Poland IV. Tectonics 2. Sudetes and adjacent areas (in Polish). Wydawnictwa Geologiczne, Warszawa, p 307
Oberc J (1978) Development of rock formations and tectonics of the Lubusz region and the Legnica-Głogów copper mining district with focus on the pre-Permian basement (in Polish). In Guide Book of the 50th Meeting of the Polish Geological Society, Zielona Góra, pp 18–41
Oberc J (1991) The problem of unrooted Variscan crystalline nappes in Lower Silesia. Przegl Geol 39(10):437–446. In Polish
Oberc-Dziedzic T, Żelaźniewicz A, Cwojdziński S (1999) Granitoids of the Odra Fault Zone: late- to post-orogenic Variscan intrusions in the Saxothuringian Zone, SW Poland. Geol Sudetica 32:55–71
Paces JB, Miller JD Jr (1993) Precise U-Pb ages of Duluth complex and related mafic intrusions, northern Minnesota: geochronological insights to physical, petrogenetic, palomagnetic, and tectonomagmatic processes associated with the 1.1 Ga mid-continent rift system. J Geophys Res 98:13997–14013. doi:10.1029/93JB01159
Pożaryski W, Dembowski Z (1984) Geological map of Poland and neighbouring countries 1:1000000 without Cainozoic, Mesozoic and Permian strata. Warszawa: Wydawnictwa Geologiczne
Pożaryski W, Grocholski A, Tomczyk H, Karnkowski P, Moryc W (1992) The tectonic map of Poland in the Variscan epoch. Przegl Geol 40(11):643–651
Pupin JP, Turco G (1972) Une typologie originale du zircon accesoire. Bull Soc Fr Mineral Cristallogr 95:348–359
Ricken W, Schrader S, Oncken O, Plesch A (2000) Turbidite basin and mass dynamics related to orogenic wedge growth; the Rheno-Hercynian case. In: Franke W, Haak V, Oncken O, Tanner D (eds) Orogenic processes: quantification and modelling in the Variscan Belt, Geological Society of London Special Publication 179, pp 257–280
Saintot A, Stephenson R, Stovba R, Maystrenko Y (2003) Structures associated with inversion of the Donbas Foldbelt. Tectonophysics 373:181–207. doi:10.1016/S0040-1951(03)00290-7
Smith NT (1999) Variscan inversion within the Cheshire Basin, England: carboniferous evolution north of the Variscan Front. Tectonophysics 309(1–4):211–225. doi:10.1016/S0040-1951(99)00140-7
Taylor SR, McLennan SM (1985) The continental crust: its composition and evolution. Blackwell, Oxford, p 312
Wedepohl KH (1995) The composition of the continental crust. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 59:1217–1232. doi:10.1016/0016-7037(95)00038-2
Werde V (2005) Thrusting in a folded regime: fold accommodation faults in the Ruhr basin, Germany. J Struct Geol 27:789–803. doi:10.1016/j.jsg.2005.01.008
Wierzchowska-Kicułowa K (1984) Geology of the pre-Permian series of the Fore-Sudetic Monocline. Geol Sudetica 19(1):120–142. In Polish
Williams I (1998) U–Th–Pb geochronology by ion microprobe. In: Mckibben MA, Shanks WC, Ridley WI (eds) Applications of microanalytical techniques to understanding mineralization processes, Reviews in Economic Geology 7, pp 1–35
Witkowski A, Żelichowski AM (1981) Geological structure of the sub-Permian rocks in the northern part of the Fore-Sudetic Homocline (in Polish). Archive of the Polish Geological Institute, Warszawa, p 88
Żelaźniewicz A, Marheine D, Oberc-Dziedzic T (2003) A Late Tournaisian synmetamorphic folding and thrusting event in the eastern Variscan foreland: 40Ar/39Ar evidence from the phyllites of the Wolsztyn-Leszno High, western Poland. Int J Earth Sci 92:185–194
Żelichowski AM (1964) Carboniferous strata in the basement of the Fore-Sudetic Monocline. Przegl Geol 12(5):224–227
Żelichowski AM (1980) Synoptic profile of Carboniferous in the substratum of the Fore-Sudetic Monocline. Kwart Geol 24(4):942–943
Żelichowski AM (1995) Lithostratigraphy and sedimentologic-paleogeographic development. Central Poland and Wielkopolska regions. In: Zdanowski A, Żakowa H (eds) The Carboniferous system in Poland, Prace Państwowego Instytutu Geologicznego 148, pp 100–102 and 148–151
Ziegler PA (1990) Geological Atlas of Western and Central Europe, 2nd edn. Shell Internationale Petroleum Maatschappij BV, Den Haag
Acknowledgments
This research was supported by the Polish Research Committee (KBN) and the Ministry of the Environment (Project PCZ-007-21 ‘Palaeozoic Accretion of Poland’, coordinated by Jerzy Nawrocki of the Polish Geological Institute). We thank the Polish Oil and Gas Company (POGC) for kindly providing the drillhole data and Józef Nowak, Marek Stadtmüller and Piotr Pasek of Geofizyka Kraków and Marian Kiełt of Geofizyka Toruń for laborious re-processing of the dipmeter record files.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Mazur, S., Aleksandrowski, P., Turniak, K. et al. Uplift and late orogenic deformation of the Central European Variscan belt as revealed by sediment provenance and structural record in the Carboniferous foreland basin of western Poland. Int J Earth Sci (Geol Rundsch) 99, 47–64 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00531-008-0367-3
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00531-008-0367-3