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Mechanical construction and installation of the ATLAS tile calorimeter
J Abdallah2, P Adragna3, C Alexa4, R Alves5, P Amaral6,7, A Ananiev8, K Anderson9, X Andresen6,7, A Antonaki10, V Batusov11, P Bednar12, A Behrens6, E Bergeaas13, C Biscarat14, O Blanch15, G Blanchot15, J Blocki6,29, C Bohm13, V Boldea4, F Bosi3, M Bosman15, C Bromberg16, B Brunel6, J Budagov11, D Calderón2, D Calvet14, C Cardeira8, T Carli6, J Carvalho5, M Cascella3, M V Castillo2, J Costello2, M Cavalli-Sforza15, V Cavasinni3, A S Cerqueira17, C Clement6,13, M Cobal6, F Cogswell18, S Constantinescu4, D Costanzo3, P Da Silva17, M David7, T Davidek6,19, J Dawson1,20, K De21, T Del Prete3, B Di Girolamo6, S Dita4, J Dolejsi19, Z Dolezal19, A Dotti3, R Downing18, G Drake20, I Efthymiopoulos6, D Errede18, S Errede18, A Farbin6,9, D Fassouliotis10, E Feng9, A Fenyuk22, C Ferdi14, B C Ferreira17, A Ferrer2, J Ferrer15, V Flaminio3, J Flix15, P Francavilla3, E Fullana2, V Garde14, J C Gayde6, K Gellerstedt13, V Giakoumopoulou10, V Giangiobbe3, O Gildemeister6, V Gilewsky23, N Giokaris10, N Gollub6, A Gomes7, V Gonzalez2, J Gouveia8, P Grenier6,14, P Gris14, J Grudzinski20, V Guarino20, C Guicheney14, A Gupta9, H Hakobyan24, M Haney18, S Hellman13, A Henriques6, E Higon2, N Hill20, S Holmgren13, I Hruska25, M Hurwitz9, J Huston16, I Jen-La Plante9, K Jon-And13, T Junk18, A Karyukhin22, J Khubua11,26, J Klereborn13, S Kopikov22, I Korolkov15, P Krivkova19, Y Kulchitsky11,23, Y Kurochkin23, P Kuzhir27, V Lapin1,22, C Lasseur6, T LeCompte20, R Lefevre14, R Leitner19, J Li1,21, M Lyablin11, H Lim20, M Lokajicek25, Y Lomakin1,11, P Lourtie8, L Lovas12, A Lupi3, C Maidantchik17, A Maio7, S Maliukov11, A Manousakis10, C Marques7, F Marroquim17, F Martin6,14, E Mazzoni3, D Mergelkuhl6, F Merritt9, A Miagkov22, R Miller16, I Minashvili11, L Miralles15, G Montarou14, S Nemecek25, M Nessi6, I Nikitine22, L Nodulman20, O Norniella15, T Nyman6, A Onofre28, M Oreglia9, B Palan25, D Pallin14, D Pantea4, A Pereira5, J Pilcher9, J Pina7, J Pinhão5, E Pod9, F Podlyski14, X Portell15, J Poveda2, L Pribyl25, L E Price20, J Proudfoot20, M Ramalho8, M Ramstedt13, L Raposeiro8, J Reis8, R Richards16, C Roda3, V Romanov11, L Rose-Dulcina6, P Rosnet14, P Roy14, A Ruiz2, V Rumiantsau1,27, N Russakovich11, J Sa da Costa8, O Salto15, B Salvachua2, E Sanchis2, H Sanders9, C Santoni14, J Santos7, J G Saraiva7, F Sarri3, L -P Says14, G Schlager6, J Schlereth20, J M Seixas17, B Selldèn13, N Shalanda22, A Shchelchkov11, P Shevtsov27, M Shochet9, J Silva7, V Simaitis18, M Simonyan24, A Sissakian1,11, J Sjoelin13, F Skrzecz20, C Solans2, A Solodkov22, O Solovianov22, J Sorokina11, M Sosebee21, F Spano3,6, P Speckmeyer6, R Stanek20, E Starchenko22, P Starovoitov27, M Suk19, I Sykora12, F Tang9, P Tas19, R Teuscher9, S Tokar12, N Topilin11, J Torres2, D Underwood20, G Usai3, V Utkin11, A Valero2, S Valkar19, J A Valls2, A Vartapetian21, F Vazeille14, C Vellidis10, F Ventura8, I Vichou18, I Vivarelli3, M Volpi15, A White21, K Wood20, A Zaitsev22, A Zenin22, T Zenis12, Z Zenonos3, S Zenz9 and B Zilka12
This paper summarises the mechanical construction and
installation of the Tile Calorimeter for the ATLAS
experiment at the Large Hadron Collider in CERN, Switzerland. The Tile
Calorimeter is a sampling calorimeter using scintillator as the sensitive
detector and steel as the absorber and covers the central region of the ATLAS
experiment up to pseudorapidities ±1.7. The mechanical construction of
the Tile Calorimeter occurred over a period
of about 10 years beginning in 1995 with the completion
of the Technical Design Report and ending in 2006 with the installation
of the final module in the ATLAS cavern. During
this period approximately 2600 metric tons of steel were transformed
into a laminated structure to form the absorber of the sampling calorimeter.
Following instrumentation and testing, which is described elsewhere, the
modules were installed in the ATLAS cavern with a remarkable accuracy for
a structure of this size and weight.
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