The 2023 MDPI Annual Report has
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16 pages, 2649 KiB  
Article
Research on Strategies for Air-Source Heat Pump Load Aggregation to Participate in Multi-Scenario Demand Response
by Haiping Liang, Xin Xie, Meng Liu, Shengsuo Niu and Haifeng Su
Energies 2024, 17(11), 2471; https://doi.org/10.3390/en17112471 (registering DOI) - 22 May 2024
Abstract
Air-source heat pumps (ASHPs), functioning as thermally controlled loads, possess significant adjustable capabilities and controllability when aggregated, establishing them as premium resources for demand-response engagement. This paper proposes a control strategy for the aggregation of ASHP loads to participate in demand response across [...] Read more.
Air-source heat pumps (ASHPs), functioning as thermally controlled loads, possess significant adjustable capabilities and controllability when aggregated, establishing them as premium resources for demand-response engagement. This paper proposes a control strategy for the aggregation of ASHP loads to participate in demand response across multiple scenarios, framed within a three-tier architecture: electric power system, Load Aggregator (LA), and thermal load. Load Aggregators, considering the user-comfort temperature ranges and the thermal storage characteristics of buildings, aim to minimize heating costs through time-of-use electricity pricing, while assessing the adjustability of the load. Upon receiving control directives from the power system’s dispatch department, the strategy allocates load adjustments by considering user comfort and system regulatory needs, thereby addressing issues like aggregated power oscillations and significant rebound loads. The effectiveness of the proposed strategy is corroborated through simulation, demonstrating its potential to enhance demand-response participation and ameliorate associated power stability challenges. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section F2: Distributed Energy System)
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17 pages, 2812 KiB  
Article
Detecting the FLJ22447 lncRNA in Ovarian Cancer with Cyclopentane-Modified FIT-PNAs (cpFIT-PNAs)
by Sheethal Thomas Mannully, Rawan Mahajna, Huda Nazzal, Salam Maree, Hongchao Zheng, Daniel H. Appella, Reuven Reich and Eylon Yavin
Biomolecules 2024, 14(6), 609; https://doi.org/10.3390/biom14060609 (registering DOI) - 22 May 2024
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is one of the most lethal gynecologic cancers that is typically diagnosed at the very late stage of disease progression. Thus, there is an unmet need to develop diagnostic probes for early detection of OC. One approach may rely on [...] Read more.
Ovarian cancer (OC) is one of the most lethal gynecologic cancers that is typically diagnosed at the very late stage of disease progression. Thus, there is an unmet need to develop diagnostic probes for early detection of OC. One approach may rely on RNA as a molecular biomarker. In this regard, FLJ22447 lncRNA is an RNA biomarker that is over-expressed in ovarian cancer (OC) and in cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). CAFs appear early on in OC as they provide a metastatic niche for OC progression. FIT-PNAs (forced intercalation-peptide nucleic acids) are DNA analogs that are designed to fluoresce upon hybridization to their complementary RNA target sequence. In recent studies, we have shown that the introduction of cyclopentane PNAs into FIT-PNAs (cpFIT-PNA) results in superior RNA sensors. Herein, we report the design and synthesis of cpFIT-PNAs for the detection of this RNA biomarker in living OC cells (OVCAR8) and in CAFs. cpFIT-PNA was compared to FIT-PNA and the cell-penetrating peptide (CPP) of choice was either a simple one (four L-lysines) or a CPP with enhanced cellular uptake (CLIP6). The combination of CLIP6 with cpFIT-PNA resulted in a superior sensing of FLJ22447 lncRNA in OVCAR8 cells as well as in CAFs. Moreover, incubation of CLIP6-cpFIT-PNA in OVCAR8 cells leads to a significant decrease (ca. 60%) in FLJ22447 lncRNA levels and in cell viability, highlighting the potential theranostic use of such molecules. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Biomacromolecules: Nucleic Acids)
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12 pages, 2473 KiB  
Article
Genome-Wide Detection of Copy Number Variations and Their Potential Association with Carcass and Meat Quality Traits in Pingliang Red Cattle
by Yuanqing Wang, Jun Ma, Jing Wang, Lupei Zhang, Lingyang Xu, Yan Chen, Bo Zhu, Zezhao Wang, Huijiang Gao, Junya Li and Xue Gao
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(11), 5626; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25115626 (registering DOI) - 22 May 2024
Abstract
Copy number variation (CNV) serves as a significant source of genetic diversity in mammals and exerts substantial effects on various complex traits. Pingliang red cattle, an outstanding indigenous resource in China, possess remarkable breeding value attributed to their tender meat and superior marbling [...] Read more.
Copy number variation (CNV) serves as a significant source of genetic diversity in mammals and exerts substantial effects on various complex traits. Pingliang red cattle, an outstanding indigenous resource in China, possess remarkable breeding value attributed to their tender meat and superior marbling quality. However, the genetic mechanisms influencing carcass and meat quality traits in Pingliang red cattle are not well understood. We generated a comprehensive genome-wide CNV map for Pingliang red cattle using the GGP Bovine 100K SNP chip. A total of 755 copy number variable regions (CNVRs) spanning 81.03 Mb were identified, accounting for approximately 3.24% of the bovine autosomal genome. Among these, we discovered 270 potentially breed-specific CNVRs in Pingliang red cattle, including 143 gains, 73 losses, and 54 mixed events. Functional annotation analysis revealed significant associations between these specific CNVRs and important traits such as carcass and meat quality, reproduction, exterior traits, growth traits, and health traits. Additionally, our network and transcriptome analysis highlighted CACNA2D1, CYLD, UBXN2B, TG, NADK, and ITGA9 as promising candidate genes associated with carcass weight and intramuscular fat deposition. The current study presents a genome-wide CNV map in Pingliang red cattle, highlighting breed-specific CNVRs, and transcriptome findings provide valuable insights into the underlying genetic characteristics of Pingliang red cattle. These results offer potential avenues for enhancing meat quality through a targeted breeding program. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Molecular Genetics and Genomics)
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16 pages, 4142 KiB  
Review
Poptosis or Peptide-Induced Transmembrane Pore Formation: A Novel Way to Kill Cancer Cells without Affecting Normal Cells
by Matthew R. Pincus, Miriam Silberstein, Nitzan Zohar, Ehsan Sarafraz-Yazdi and Wilbur B. Bowne
Biomedicines 2024, 12(6), 1144; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12061144 (registering DOI) - 22 May 2024
Abstract
Recent advances in cancer treatment like personalized chemotherapy and immunotherapy are aimed at tumors that meet certain specifications. In this review, we describe a new approach to general cancer treatment, termed peptide-induced poptosis, in which specific peptides, e.g., PNC-27 and its shorter analogue, [...] Read more.
Recent advances in cancer treatment like personalized chemotherapy and immunotherapy are aimed at tumors that meet certain specifications. In this review, we describe a new approach to general cancer treatment, termed peptide-induced poptosis, in which specific peptides, e.g., PNC-27 and its shorter analogue, PNC-28, that contain the segment of the p53 transactivating 12–26 domain that bind to HDM-2 in its 1–109 domain, bind to HDM-2 in the membranes of cancer cells, resulting in transmembrane pore formation and the rapid extrusion of cancer cell contents, i.e., tumor cell necrosis. These peptides cause tumor cell necrosis of a wide variety of solid tissue and hematopoietic tumors but have no effect on the viability and growth of normal cells since they express at most low levels of membrane-bound HDM-2. They have been found to successfully treat a highly metastatic pancreatic tumor as well as stem-cell-enriched human acute myelogenous leukemias in nude mice, with no evidence of off-target effects. These peptides also are cytotoxic to chemotherapy-resistant cancers and to primary tumors. We performed high-resolution scanning immuno-electron microscopy and visualized the pores in cancer cells induced by PNC-27. This peptide forms 1:1 complexes with HDM-2 in a temperature-independent step, followed by dimerization of these complexes to form transmembrane channels in a highly temperature-dependent step parallel to the mode of action of other membranolytic but less specific agents like streptolysin. These peptides therefore may be effective as general anti-cancer agents. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Medicinal Chemistry in Drug Design and Discovery)
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22 pages, 14025 KiB  
Article
Advancing the Frontiers of Neuroelectrodes: A Paradigm Shift towards Enhanced Biocompatibility and Electrochemical Performance
by Qin Wang, Yiyang Liu, Baolin Zhang, Jianghui Dong and Liping Wang
Polymers 2024, 16(11), 1457; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym16111457 (registering DOI) - 22 May 2024
Abstract
The aim of this study is the fabrication of unprecedented neuroelectrodes, replete with exceptional biological and electrical attributes. Commencing with the synthesis of polyethylene glycol and polyethyleneimine-modified iron oxide nanoparticles, the grafting of Dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine was embarked upon to generate DMPC-SPION nanoparticles. Subsequently, [...] Read more.
The aim of this study is the fabrication of unprecedented neuroelectrodes, replete with exceptional biological and electrical attributes. Commencing with the synthesis of polyethylene glycol and polyethyleneimine-modified iron oxide nanoparticles, the grafting of Dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine was embarked upon to generate DMPC-SPION nanoparticles. Subsequently, the deposition of DMPC-SPIONs onto a nickel–chromium alloy electrode facilitated the inception of an innovative neuroelectrode–DMPC-SPION. A meticulous characterization of DMPC-SPIONs ensued, encompassing zeta potential, infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction analyses. Evaluations pertaining to hemolysis and cytotoxicity were conducted to ascertain the biocompatibility and biosafety of DMPC-SPIONs. Ultimately, a comprehensive assessment of the biocompatibility, electrochemical properties, and electrophysiological signal acquisition capabilities of DMPC-SPION neuroelectrodes was undertaken. These findings conclusively affirm the exemplary biocompatibility, electrochemical capabilities, and outstanding capability in recording electrical signals of DMPC-SPION neuroelectrodes, with an astounding 91.4% augmentation in electrode charge and a noteworthy 13% decline in impedance, with peak potentials reaching as high as 171 μV and an impressive signal-to-noise ratio of 15.92. Intriguingly, the novel DMPC-SPION neuroelectrodes herald an innovative pathway towards injury repair as well as the diagnosis and treatment of neurological disorders. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biodegradable Polymer Composites: Fabrication and Applications II)
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20 pages, 1478 KiB  
Article
Eco-Conscious Consumption in the Climate Change Era: Decoding the Mediating Role of Food Safety and Environmental Concerns between Health Literacy and Take-Out Food Consumption in China
by Liming Lin, Xiaosan Zhang, Muhammad Anwar Khan, Muhammad Awais Mehmood and Muhammad Kamran Khan
Sustainability 2024, 16(11), 4357; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16114357 (registering DOI) - 22 May 2024
Abstract
With take-out food consumption rapidly increasing in China, understanding the factors influencing this dietary shift is crucial for public health, food security, and the environment. This study explores the role of health literacy in take-out food consumption, considering the mediating effects of food [...] Read more.
With take-out food consumption rapidly increasing in China, understanding the factors influencing this dietary shift is crucial for public health, food security, and the environment. This study explores the role of health literacy in take-out food consumption, considering the mediating effects of food safety and environmental concerns and the moderating effect of perceived behavioral control. Cross-sectional survey data from 526 respondents were analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis and regression to assess the relationships between health literacy, food safety concern, environmental concern, perceived behavioral control, and take-out food consumption frequency. The results revealed that health literacy is negatively associated with consumers’ take-out food consumption frequency; this relationship is completely mediated by food safety and environmental concerns. Furthermore, perceived behavioral control was found to strengthen the impact of food safety and environmental concerns on take-out food consumption frequency. This research advances the interdisciplinary understanding of health literacy’s impact on take-out food consumption by identifying its negative correlation and the mediating roles of food safety concern and environmental concern, with perceived behavioral control intensifying this relationship. Practical implications include the development of public health campaigns and food delivery platforms to strengthen supervision, and digital tools to empower consumers to make informed dietary choices. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Sustainable Food)
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16 pages, 1784 KiB  
Article
Metabolomics Profiling of Stages of Coronary Artery Disease Progression
by Gulsen Guliz Anlar, Najeha Anwardeen, Sarah Al Ashmar, Shona Pedersen, Mohamed A. Elrayess and Asad Zeidan
Metabolites 2024, 14(6), 292; https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo14060292 (registering DOI) - 22 May 2024
Abstract
Coronary artery disease (CAD) and atherosclerosis pose significant global health challenges, with intricate molecular changes influencing disease progression. Hypercholesterolemia (HC), hypertension (HT), and diabetes are key contributors to CAD development. Metabolomics, with its comprehensive analysis of metabolites, offers a unique perspective on cardiovascular [...] Read more.
Coronary artery disease (CAD) and atherosclerosis pose significant global health challenges, with intricate molecular changes influencing disease progression. Hypercholesterolemia (HC), hypertension (HT), and diabetes are key contributors to CAD development. Metabolomics, with its comprehensive analysis of metabolites, offers a unique perspective on cardiovascular diseases. This study leveraged metabolomics profiling to investigate the progression of CAD, focusing on the interplay of hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, and diabetes. We performed a metabolomic analysis on 221 participants from four different groups: (I) healthy individuals, (II) individuals with hypercholesterolemia (HC), (III) individuals with both HC and hypertension (HT) or diabetes, and (IV) patients with self-reported coronary artery disease (CAD). Utilizing data from the Qatar Biobank, we combined clinical information, metabolomic profiling, and statistical analyses to identify key metabolites associated with CAD risk. Our data identified distinct metabolite profiles across the study groups, indicating changes in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism linked to CAD risk. Specifically, levels of mannitol/sorbitol, mannose, glucose, and ribitol increased, while pregnenediol sulfate, oleoylcarnitine, and quinolinate decreased with higher CAD risk. These findings suggest a significant role of sugar, steroid, and fatty acid metabolism in CAD progression and point to the need for further research on the correlation between quinolinate levels and CAD risk, potentially guiding targeted treatments for atherosclerosis. This study provides novel insights into the metabolomic changes associated with CAD progression, emphasizing the potential of metabolites as predictive biomarkers. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Endocrinology and Clinical Metabolic Research)
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11 pages, 2269 KiB  
Article
Bilateral Uveal Melanoma: An Insight into Genetic Predisposition in Four New Unrelated Patients and Review of Published Cases
by Paula Silva-Rodríguez, Manuel Bande, María Pardo, Fernando Domínguez, Lourdes Loidi and María José Blanco-Teijeiro
J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13(11), 3035; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13113035 (registering DOI) - 22 May 2024
Abstract
Background: Primary bilateral uveal melanoma (BUM) is an exceptionally rare form of uveal melanoma (UM). This study aimed to explore the potential existence of a genetic predisposition towards the development of BUM. Methods: We employed an exome sequencing approach on germline [...] Read more.
Background: Primary bilateral uveal melanoma (BUM) is an exceptionally rare form of uveal melanoma (UM). This study aimed to explore the potential existence of a genetic predisposition towards the development of BUM. Methods: We employed an exome sequencing approach on germline DNA from four unrelated patients diagnosed with BUM, seeking pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants indicative of a genetic predisposition to UM. Results: None of the patients exhibited pathogenic variants in the BAP1 gene. However, loss-of-function (LoF) variants in the TERF2IP and BAX genes were identified in two of the BUM patients. For patients BUM1 and BUM2, no pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants of significant clinical relevance to BUM were found to warrant inclusion in this report. Conclusions: Our findings suggest the presence of yet-to-be-discovered genes that may contribute to UM predisposition, as evidenced by the absence of pathogenic variants in known UM predisposition genes among the four BUM patients studied. The TERF2IP and BAX genes emerge as noteworthy candidates for further investigation regarding their role in genetic predisposition to UM. Specifically, the potential role of UM as a candidate cancer within the spectrum of cancers linked to pathogenic variants in the TERF2IP gene and other genes associated with the shelterin complex warrants further examination. Additional functional studies are necessary to support or challenge this hypothesis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Topic Novel Discoveries in Oncology)
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14 pages, 12001 KiB  
Article
Research on a Unified Data Model for Power Grids and Communication Networks Based on Graph Databases
by Dong Li, Bin Yang, Lei Liu, Chongbin Chen, Chao Sun, Liang Ma, Shenyang Xiao and Jian Sun
Electronics 2024, 13(11), 2014; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13112014 (registering DOI) - 22 May 2024
Abstract
With the continuous development of the power grid, its structure is becoming increasingly complex. The occurrence of faults in transmission lines may lead to cascading failures in the power grid, ultimately resulting in widespread power outages. The transmission of equipment information and the [...] Read more.
With the continuous development of the power grid, its structure is becoming increasingly complex. The occurrence of faults in transmission lines may lead to cascading failures in the power grid, ultimately resulting in widespread power outages. The transmission of equipment information and the sending of fault reports in the power grid rely on the power communication network. This network is crucial for ensuring the safe, stable, and economical operation of the power grid. As the number of devices in the power grid increases and sensor technology becomes more widespread, the volume of data generated by both the power grid and the power communication network has increased sharply. However, relational databases have limited scalability and struggle to meet the growing volume of data and user demands. This paper proposes a graph mapping method based on the power grid and communication network, utilizing data from both networks to construct a unified data plane in a graph database. Taking power transfer operations as an example, a unified standard data model and monitoring indicator system are established for both networks, enabling faster response and power restoration to blackout areas in the event of power grid faults. Simulation results demonstrate that compared to traditional relational databases, graph databases exhibit significantly improved efficiency in handling large-scale, highly connected data, making them more suitable for future power grids. Full article
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15 pages, 3445 KiB  
Article
Research on Evolutionary Laws of Mechanical Properties and Pore Structure during CO2 Pre-Injection Fracturing in Shale Reservoirs
by Jiaping Tao, Siwei Meng, Dongxu Li, Xu Jin, Lihao Liang and He Liu
Energies 2024, 17(11), 2470; https://doi.org/10.3390/en17112470 (registering DOI) - 22 May 2024
Abstract
CO2 pre-injection fracturing is a promising technology for shale reservoirs development, with multiple advantages for improving the complexity of fractures, the production of crude oil, and the sequestration of CO2. Previous research mostly focused on the CO2 effect on [...] Read more.
CO2 pre-injection fracturing is a promising technology for shale reservoirs development, with multiple advantages for improving the complexity of fractures, the production of crude oil, and the sequestration of CO2. Previous research mostly focused on the CO2 effect on macroscopic mechanical properties of shale. However, there are many phenomena closely related to shale micro mechanical behavior. Therefore, this study presents a systematic investigation into the effects of CO2 on both macro and micro mechanical properties, as well as pore-fracture structures during CO2 pre-injection fracturing in shale reservoirs. The results show that CO2 can significantly decrease the tensile strength, uniaxial compressive strength, and elastic modulus of shale. With the increasing CO2 treatment time, the macro mechanical properties of shale decrease gradually. The microscopic experiments show that this significant decrease may be due to two mechanisms. The first is the significant decrease in the micro-mechanical properties of shale. The results of indentation analysis show that the microscopic elastic modulus and hardness of shale decrease by 51.3% and 63.3% after CO2 treatment. The second is the changes of the original shale framework. Pore-fractures structure analysis showed that after CO2 treatment, a large number of dissolution pores are generated in the shale matrix. Meanwhile, there are propagation of original fractures and opening of structural weak planes, which lead to the form of new fractures. Under the action of these two mechanisms, the macro mechanical strength of shale is reduced significantly. Therefore, in the field application, proper soaking following CO2 injection could lead to a significant overall reduction in mechanical strength, potentially lowering formation breakdown pressure, easing the requirements for treatment equipment, and enhancing fracturing effects. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section H: Geo-Energy)
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12 pages, 789 KiB  
Communication
Assessment of Heavy Metals and Trace Elements in the Human Milk of Women Living in Latvia and an Evaluation of Influencing Factors
by Līva Aumeistere, Alīna Beluško and Inga Ciproviča
Nutrients 2024, 16(11), 1568; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16111568 (registering DOI) - 22 May 2024
Abstract
During lactation, heavy metals and trace elements can be mobilised from the maternal body stores and excreted via human milk. A total of 66 mature human milk samples were collected from lactating women in Latvia between 2016 and 2017 to analyse the content [...] Read more.
During lactation, heavy metals and trace elements can be mobilised from the maternal body stores and excreted via human milk. A total of 66 mature human milk samples were collected from lactating women in Latvia between 2016 and 2017 to analyse the content of As, Cd, Pb, Al, Sn, and Ni. Additionally, 50 mature human milk samples were collected between 2022 and 2023 to analyse the content of Cd and Pb. The content of heavy metals and trace elements in human milk was determined using ICP-MS. Only two individual human milk samples contained heavy metals above the method’s detection limit—one with an arsenic content of 0.009 mg kg−1 and one with a lead content of 0.047 mg kg−1. The preliminary data show that human milk among lactating women in Latvia contains only insignificant amounts of heavy metals and trace elements. Concern over such content should not be a reason to choose formula feeding over breastfeeding. Nevertheless, heavy metals, trace elements and other pollutants in human milk should be continuously monitored. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue 2024 Collection: Dietary, Lifestyle and Children Health)
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16 pages, 11721 KiB  
Article
Identification of Mass Transport Deposits and Insights into Gas Hydrate Accumulation in the Qiongdongnan Sea Area, Northern South China Sea
by Yuehua Gong, Shengxiong Yang, Jinqiang Liang, Dongmei Tian, Jing’an Lu, Wei Deng and Miaomiao Meng
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(6), 855; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12060855 (registering DOI) - 22 May 2024
Abstract
Accurately identifying the Bottom Simulating Reflector (BSR) is a crucial and fundamental task in seismic exploration and the interpretation of gas hydrates in marine areas. During our seismic interpretation and inference work on a gas hydrate survey in the Qiongdongnan Sea area, we [...] Read more.
Accurately identifying the Bottom Simulating Reflector (BSR) is a crucial and fundamental task in seismic exploration and the interpretation of gas hydrates in marine areas. During our seismic interpretation and inference work on a gas hydrate survey in the Qiongdongnan Sea area, we encountered a phenomenon that closely resembled the seismic reflection characteristics of BSR. By comparing and identifying various geological phenomena, we have determined that this unique seismic reflection phenomenon is, in fact, the reflection of the depositional bottom interface known as “mass transport deposits (MTDs)” as described by previous researchers. The physical properties of the MTDs developed on the shallow surface of the seafloor are similar to those of gas hydrate reservoirs in the seismic exploration of marine areas, particularly in the northern South China Sea’s Qiongdongnan Sea area. Due to the lack of active neotectonic movement in the area, most identified BSR reflection occurrences are parallel to the seafloor. Consequently, during the process of seismic interpretation of BSR in the Qiongdongnan Sea area, it may be confused with the bottom boundary reflection interface of MTDs. Accurately identifying MTDs’ sedimentary bodies in gas hydrate exploration activities in this area would greatly enhance the accurate identification of BSR and support the refined evaluation of gas hydrate resources. In this paper, the structural characteristics of MTDs are compared with the reflection characteristics of seismic profiles, the reflectors are identified as MTDs rather than BSR through analysis and interpretation, and the possible mechanism of hydrate accumulation in this region is discussed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Marine Gas Hydrate Exploration and Discovery)
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16 pages, 9828 KiB  
Article
An Attention-Based Full-Scale Fusion Network for Segmenting Roof Mask from Satellite Images
by Li Cheng, Zhang Liu, Qian Ma, He Qi, Fumin Qi and Yi Zhang
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(11), 4371; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14114371 (registering DOI) - 22 May 2024
Abstract
Accurately segmenting building roofs from satellite images is crucial for evaluating the photovoltaic power generation potential of urban roofs and is a worthwhile research topic. In this study, we propose an attention-based full-scale fusion (AFSF) network to segment a roof mask from the [...] Read more.
Accurately segmenting building roofs from satellite images is crucial for evaluating the photovoltaic power generation potential of urban roofs and is a worthwhile research topic. In this study, we propose an attention-based full-scale fusion (AFSF) network to segment a roof mask from the given satellite images. By developing an attention-based residual ublock, the channel relationship of the feature maps can be modeled. By integrating attention mechanisms in multi-scale feature fusion, the model can learn different weights for features of different scales. We also design a ladder-like network to utilize weakly labeled data, thereby achieving pixel-level semantic segmentation tasks assisted by image-level classification tasks. In addition, we contribute a new roof segmentation dataset, which is based on satellite images and uses the roof as the segmentation target rather than the entire building to further promote the algorithm research of estimating roof area using satellite images. The experimental results on the new roof segmentation dataset, WHU dataset, and IAIL dataset demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed network. Full article
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12 pages, 586 KiB  
Review
Primary Healthcare Case Management Nurses and Assistance Provided to Chronic Patients: A Narrative Review
by María José Molina-Gil, María Dolores Guerra-Martín and Rocío De Diego-Cordero
Healthcare 2024, 12(11), 1054; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12111054 (registering DOI) - 22 May 2024
Abstract
Population aging is causing increases in the numbers of chronic diseases, with the consequent need for changes in health systems to better assist patients with chronic conditions. A narrative review was conducted in this study with the objective of analysing the scientific evidence [...] Read more.
Population aging is causing increases in the numbers of chronic diseases, with the consequent need for changes in health systems to better assist patients with chronic conditions. A narrative review was conducted in this study with the objective of analysing the scientific evidence on the care and assistance provided by Case Management Nurses (CMNs) to chronic patients in primary healthcare. A total of 15 articles published in English, Spanish, and Portuguese were selected in the following databases: PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Dialnet, Cinahl, and Web of Science. In total, 46.6% of the studies showed the assistance provided by CMNs for chronic pathologies. Most of the articles selected (80%) considered that the assistance offered by case management nurses in relation to chronic diseases is effective, enabling cost reductions, which supposes benefits at the economic and political levels. It was concluded that CMNs have proven to be efficient in caring for people with chronic diseases, improving the quality of life of these people and their caregivers; therefore, they have a fundamental role in the PHC. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Insights into Understudied Phenomena in Healthcare)
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10 pages, 829 KiB  
Article
Comparison of Psychometric Functions Measured Using Remote Testing and Laboratory Testing
by Nirmal Srinivasan, Chhayakanta Patro, Radhika Kansangra and Angelica Trotman
Audiol. Res. 2024, 14(3), 469-478; https://doi.org/10.3390/audiolres14030039 (registering DOI) - 22 May 2024
Abstract
The use of remote testing to collect behavioral data has been on the rise, especially after the COVID-19 pandemic. Here we present psychometric functions for a commonly used speech corpus obtained in remote testing and laboratory testing conditions on young normal hearing listeners [...] Read more.
The use of remote testing to collect behavioral data has been on the rise, especially after the COVID-19 pandemic. Here we present psychometric functions for a commonly used speech corpus obtained in remote testing and laboratory testing conditions on young normal hearing listeners in the presence of different types of maskers. Headphone use for the remote testing group was checked by supplementing procedures from prior literature using a Huggins pitch task. Results revealed no significant differences in the measured thresholds using the remote testing and laboratory testing conditions for all the three masker types. Also, the thresholds measured obtained in these two conditions were strongly correlated for a different group of young normal hearing listeners. Based on the results, excellent outcomes on auditory threshold measurements where the stimuli are presented both at levels lower than and above an individual’s speech-recognition threshold can be obtained by remotely testing the listeners. Full article
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20 pages, 10938 KiB  
Article
The Design and Analysis of a Tunnel Retro-Reflective Ring Climbing and Cleaning Robot
by Yuhan Li, Shiqing Ye, Rongxu Cui and Zhaoyu Shou
Actuators 2024, 13(6), 197; https://doi.org/10.3390/act13060197 (registering DOI) - 22 May 2024
Abstract
In response to the challenges posed by the difficult cleaning of tunnel retro-reflective rings and the unsuitability of existing climbing robots for ascending tunnel retro-reflective rings, a tunnel retro-reflective ring cleaning robot is proposed. Firstly, based on the analysis of the operational and [...] Read more.
In response to the challenges posed by the difficult cleaning of tunnel retro-reflective rings and the unsuitability of existing climbing robots for ascending tunnel retro-reflective rings, a tunnel retro-reflective ring cleaning robot is proposed. Firstly, based on the analysis of the operational and environmental characteristics and functional requirements inside the tunnel, the design and planning of the robot’s main framework, motion system, cleaning mechanism, and intelligent detection system are conducted to evaluate its walking ability under various working conditions, such as aluminum plate overlaps and rivet protrusions. Subsequently, stability analysis is performed on the robot. The static analysis explored conditions that can make the climbing robot stable, the dynamic analysis obtained the minimum driving torque and finally, verified the stability of the robot through experiments. After that, by changing the material and thickness of the main framework for deformation simulation analysis, the optimal parameters to optimize the design of the main framework are found. Finally, the three factors affecting the cleaning effect of the robot are discussed by the response surface method, and single factor analysis and response surface regression analysis are carried out, respectively. The mathematical regression model of the three factors is established and the best combination of the three factors is found. The cleaning effect is best when the cleaning disc pressure is 5.101 N, the walking wheel motor speed is 36.93 rad/min, and the cleaning disc motor speed is 38.252 rad/min. The development of this machine can provide equipment support for the cleaning of tunnel retro-reflective rings, reducing the requirement of manpower and material resources. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Robots: Design, Control and Application—2nd Edition)
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14 pages, 6462 KiB  
Article
Evaluation of Lateral Sealing of Faults Based on Porosity: A Case Study of the F1 Fault of the Nanpu No. 5 Structure in the Nanpu Sag
by Yuwei Zhang, Yinghua Yu, Yaxiong Zhang and Hongqi Yuan
Energies 2024, 17(11), 2468; https://doi.org/10.3390/en17112468 (registering DOI) - 22 May 2024
Abstract
The lateral sealing of a fault plays a pivotal role in the efficacy of a fault trap and its degree of hydrocarbon filling. Nevertheless, the evaluation of this phenomenon remains a challenging task, with evaluation methods either unable to accurately reflect subsurface reality [...] Read more.
The lateral sealing of a fault plays a pivotal role in the efficacy of a fault trap and its degree of hydrocarbon filling. Nevertheless, the evaluation of this phenomenon remains a challenging task, with evaluation methods either unable to accurately reflect subsurface reality or obtaining the necessary parameters difficult. In light of these considerations, a porosity-based fault laterality evaluation method was proposed, with the F1 Fault of the Nanpu No. 5 structure in the Nanpu Sag serving as the research object. First, the relationship between porosity and the product of burial depth and shale content was established using measured porosity, burial depth, and shale content data of the surrounding rocks in the study area. Subsequently, the reservoir rock porosity was obtained by employing logging data or core samples or by calculating the reservoir rock shale content from natural gamma logging data. Concurrently, the shale content of fault rock was calculated using three-dimensional (3D) seismic data, mud logging data, and natural gamma logging data, thereby enabling its porosity to be determined. Finally, the porosity difference between the two was employed to assess the lateral closure of faults. The results indicate that the porosity difference is less than 0 at lines L1~L3 of the F1 Fault, which suggests that the fault is not laterally closed at this site. Conversely, the F1 Fault is laterally sealed at this location, as indicated by the porosity difference being greater than 0 at lines L4~L10. The findings of this evaluation were found to be in close alignment with the actual distribution of oil and water, indicating that the proposed method can accurately evaluate the lateral closure of faults with developed fault rocks and provide valuable guidance for the exploration of faulted oil and gas reservoirs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section H1: Petroleum Engineering)
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17 pages, 2102 KiB  
Review
Normal and Dysregulated Sphingolipid Metabolism: Contributions to Podocyte Injury and Beyond
by Matthew Tolerico, Sandra Merscher and Alessia Fornoni
Cells 2024, 13(11), 890; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells13110890 (registering DOI) - 22 May 2024
Abstract
Podocyte health is vital for maintaining proper glomerular filtration in the kidney. Interdigitating foot processes from podocytes form slit diaphragms which regulate the filtration of molecules through size and charge selectivity. The abundance of lipid rafts, which are ordered membrane domains rich in [...] Read more.
Podocyte health is vital for maintaining proper glomerular filtration in the kidney. Interdigitating foot processes from podocytes form slit diaphragms which regulate the filtration of molecules through size and charge selectivity. The abundance of lipid rafts, which are ordered membrane domains rich in cholesterol and sphingolipids, near the slit diaphragm highlights the importance of lipid metabolism in podocyte health. Emerging research shows the importance of sphingolipid metabolism to podocyte health through structural and signaling roles. Dysregulation in sphingolipid metabolism has been shown to cause podocyte injury and drive glomerular disease progression. In this review, we discuss the structure and metabolism of sphingolipids, as well as their role in proper podocyte function and how alterations in sphingolipid metabolism contributes to podocyte injury and drives glomerular disease progression. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Podocyte Pathophysiology)
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9 pages, 194 KiB  
Essay
The Community of Practice: An Essential and Elegant Framework for Archaeological Interpretation
by Randall Souza
Humans 2024, 4(2), 183-191; https://doi.org/10.3390/humans4020010 (registering DOI) - 22 May 2024
Abstract
Archaeologists deploy a variety of models and theories, often tailored to specific questions or situations, in making sense of the material record we study. The concept of the community of practice, originally developed in the context of modern work and learning situations, describes [...] Read more.
Archaeologists deploy a variety of models and theories, often tailored to specific questions or situations, in making sense of the material record we study. The concept of the community of practice, originally developed in the context of modern work and learning situations, describes among other things how participation in shared activities can create and shape social relationships. It therefore offers a powerful and flexible framework for the many archaeological research agendas in which group dynamics play a role. Some archaeologists have already begun to use the community of practice approach (CoP) as an interpretive framework, and this essay argues that a wider embrace would be a benefit to individual archaeologists and to the field as a whole. Full article
11 pages, 226 KiB  
Article
Effects of Starter Diet Energy Concentration on Nutrient Digestibility and Subsequent Growth Performance and Meat Yields of Broilers under Two Coccidiosis Control Programs
by Alyson G. Myers and Samuel J. Rochell
Animals 2024, 14(11), 1524; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14111524 (registering DOI) - 22 May 2024
Abstract
An experiment was conducted to evaluate the live performance, processing characteristics, and apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of nutrients and energy (IDE) in broilers under two coccidiosis control programs (CCP) and fed three starter diet energy levels. Treatments were a factorial arrangement of CCP [...] Read more.
An experiment was conducted to evaluate the live performance, processing characteristics, and apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of nutrients and energy (IDE) in broilers under two coccidiosis control programs (CCP) and fed three starter diet energy levels. Treatments were a factorial arrangement of CCP [in-feed diclazuril (ACD) or vaccinated after hatch (VAC)] and three starter diet energy levels [3008 (standard), 3058 (moderate), and 3108 (high) kcal/kg apparent MEn] achieved with different soybean oil concentrations. Birds were reared in floor pens (12 per pen) and received experimental starter diets from 0 to 18 d and common grower and finisher diets to 43 d. At d 11, VAC birds had higher (p < 0.05) excreta oocyst counts and lower (p < 0.05) plasma carotenoids, nutrient AID, and IDE than ACD birds. From 0 to 18 and 0 to 31 d, VAC decreased (p < 0.05) body weight gain and increased (energy × CCP, p < 0.05) feed conversion ratio of birds fed the moderate and high-energy diets but not for those fed the standard energy diet. From 0 to 43 d, VAC only increased the feed conversion ratio of birds fed the moderate-energy starter diet (energy × CCP, p < 0.05). Carcass yields were lower (p < 0.05) for VAC birds than for ACD birds, and interactive effects (p < 0.05) were observed for wing yield. In summary, increasing dietary lipid concentration to account for Eimeria-induced reductions in lipid digestibility during the starter period of coccidiosis-vaccinated broilers may exacerbate, rather than ameliorate, these impacts on bird performance. Full article
15 pages, 1547 KiB  
Article
Differences in Metabolite Profiles of Dihydroberberine and Micellar Berberine in Caco-2 Cells and Humans—A Pilot Study
by Chuck Chang, Yoon Seok Roh, Min Du, Yun Chai Kuo, Yiming Zhang, Mary Hardy, Roland Gahler and Julia Solnier
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(11), 5625; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25115625 (registering DOI) - 22 May 2024
Abstract
We investigated the pharmacokinetic pathway of berberine and its metabolites in vitro, in Caco-2 cells, and in human participants following the administration of dihydroberberine (DHB) and micellar berberine (LipoMicel®, LMB) formulations. A pilot trial involving nine healthy volunteers was conducted over [...] Read more.
We investigated the pharmacokinetic pathway of berberine and its metabolites in vitro, in Caco-2 cells, and in human participants following the administration of dihydroberberine (DHB) and micellar berberine (LipoMicel®, LMB) formulations. A pilot trial involving nine healthy volunteers was conducted over a 24 h period; blood samples were collected and subjected to Ultra High-Performance Liquid Chromatography–High Resolution Mass Spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS) analyses to quantify the concentrations of berberine and its metabolites. Pharmacokinetic correlations indicated that berberrubine and thalifendine follow distinct metabolic pathways. Additionally, jatrorrhizine sulfate appeared to undergo metabolism differently compared to the other sulfated metabolites. Moreover, berberrubine glucuronide likely has a unique metabolic pathway distinct from other glucuronides. The human trial revealed significantly higher blood concentrations of berberine metabolites in participants of the DHB treatment group compared to the LMB treatment group—except for berberrubine glucuronide, which was only detected in the LMB treatment group. Similarly, results from in vitro investigations showed significant differences in berberine metabolite profiles between DHB and LMB. Dihydroberberine, dihydroxy-berberrubine/thalifendine and jatrorrhizine sulfate were detected in LMB-treated cells, but not in DHB-treated cells; thalifendine and jatrorrhizine-glucuronide were detected in DHB-treated cells only. While DHB treatment provided higher blood concentrations of berberine and most berberine metabolites, both in vitro (Caco-2 cells) and in vivo human studies showed that treatment with LMB resulted in a higher proportion of unmetabolized berberine compared to DHB. These findings suggest potential clinical implications that merit further investigation in future large-scale trials. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Functions and Applications of Natural Products)
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12 pages, 5183 KiB  
Article
Nonlinear Transport through Parity–Time Symmetric Lattice Potentials
by Wei Mao and Yongping Zhang
Symmetry 2024, 16(6), 640; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym16060640 (registering DOI) - 22 May 2024
Abstract
We study nonlinear transports of a light field through finite parity–time symmetric lattice potentials. The initial light field is trapped in a source reservoir and is released to expand toward the lattice potentials along the transverse direction due to the nonlinearity. We identify [...] Read more.
We study nonlinear transports of a light field through finite parity–time symmetric lattice potentials. The initial light field is trapped in a source reservoir and is released to expand toward the lattice potentials along the transverse direction due to the nonlinearity. We identify the transports that can be classified into in-band and in-gap transports. In the in-band transport, the light field can tunnel through the lattices into the sink reservoir, and in the in-gap transport, the light field is self-trapped inside the lattices to form a solitary wave. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Symmetry-Related Quantum Phases in Exciton-Polariton Condensates)
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18 pages, 1995 KiB  
Article
A Comprehensive Roadmap for Connecting Industry 4.0 Technologies to the Basic Model of Collaborative Planning, Forecasting, and Replenishment (CPFR)
by Gustavo Adoolffo Francisco Ramos Da Silva, Ismael Cristofer Baierle, Leonardo de Carvalho Gomes, Ricardo Gonçalves de Faria Correa and Fernanda Araújo Pimentel Peres
Adm. Sci. 2024, 14(6), 108; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci14060108 (registering DOI) - 22 May 2024
Abstract
The search for competitiveness has led organizations to recognize the importance of implementing collaborative methods. In this context, Collaborative Planning, Forecasting, and Replenishment (CPFR) seek to relate customer demands to replenishment needs throughout the supply chain. The literature points to implementation difficulties, such [...] Read more.
The search for competitiveness has led organizations to recognize the importance of implementing collaborative methods. In this context, Collaborative Planning, Forecasting, and Replenishment (CPFR) seek to relate customer demands to replenishment needs throughout the supply chain. The literature points to implementation difficulties, such as trust between partners and commitment, and to overcome these difficulties, the digital technologies of Industry 4.0 are emerging as an essential support. This paper aims to research the applicability and contribution of Industry 4.0 digital technologies to the CPFR, considering each stage of the CPFR. A systematic literature review identified an unexplored gap: the use and contribution of Industry 4.0 digital technologies to the functioning of the CPFR. Considering the sequence of the CPFR stages and their dependence on each other, a roadmap can be developed for using Industry 4.0 digital technologies in each stage of the CPFR. It was, therefore, possible to create a roadmap indicating, based on current literature, which Industry 4.0 digital technologies can enhance SCM at each stage of the CPFR. This roadmap has two significant contributions: (i) to guide companies in prioritizing the implementation of these technologies in support of supply chain objectives and (ii) to serve as a basis for further empirical studies, highlighting the development of this roadmap through its application in real situations. Full article
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