Abstract
Whether dam impoundment for water resource purposes improves wetland ecosystems is heavily disputed. In this study, we investigated the effects of dam impoundment from 2006 to 2011 on wetland plant communities and wintering water birds in Lashi Lake, a typical closed wetland in Northwest Yunnan, China. The surface area of the water body increased from 933 hm2 before impoundment to 1262 hm2 after impoundment; the area of meadows and emergent, submerged and floating vegetation increased from 1006 to 1149 hm2. After the dam impoundment and with the rising water level, formerly dominant plant communities, such as Com. Phragmites australis, Com. Potamogeton pectinatus and Com. Nymphoides peltatum, disappeared. New communities, such as Com. Polygonum hydropiper, Com. Acorus calamus and Com. Leersia hexandra, rapidly expanded into the newly formed lakeside. During these changes, the species and number of wintering water birds slightly increased, but the populations and distributions of birds were altered. Some birds chose the newly formed lakeside as habitat, while others disappeared or decreased greatly. Notably, the major protected birds, such as species of Ciconia nigra, did not appear in the new area, and the species number of Grus grus decreased. The results showed that damming impacted wetland ecosystems. Given the importance and complexity of dam impoundment in alpine wetlands, the effects of food-chain modifications on plants, water birds, aquatic organisms, and humans could be extensive.
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Acknowledgments
The research was supported by the Special Projects for National Key Basic Research Program (973 Program) of China (2012CB426509) and the National Natural Science Fund of China (40971285, 31370497). Additional support was provided by the Yunnan Science and Technology Plan (2008CA006), the Yunnan Innovation Talents of Science and Technology Plan (2012HC007) and the Project of Features of Key Disciplines of Ecology in Yunnan. The technical support of all our colleagues at the Environment Science and Engineering Laboratory of Southwest Forestry University, particularly during fieldwork, is greatly appreciated. Thanks to Mr. Zhihong Li, Lashi Lake Wetland Nature Reserve Administration, for providing the wintering water-birds data.
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Tian, K., Liu, G., Xiao, D. et al. Ecological Effects of Dam Impoundment on Closed and Half-Closed Wetlands in China. Wetlands 35, 889–898 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13157-015-0679-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13157-015-0679-6