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Thermodynamic Equilibrium Simulations of Thallium Distributions in Interactions with Chlorine, Sulfur, Phosphorus, and Minerals During Sludge Co-combustion

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Abstract

Effects of interactions among chlorine (Cl), sulfur (S), phosphorus (P), and minerals on thallium (Tl) distributions were simulated using thermodynamic equilibrium conditions during the sludge co-combustion. Our results showed that Tl mainly existed in the forms of Tl2O3(s) and Tl(g) and did not react with SiO2, Al2O3, CaO, Fe2O3, and TiO2. Cl generated TlCl(g) and Tl(g) which in turn promoted Tl volatilization. S produced Tl2SO4(s), thus inhibiting Tl volatilization. P existence had no influence on Tl volatilization. With the couplings of Cl + S, S + P, and Cl + S + P, the reactions between single minerals and Tl were mainly controlled by S but P and Cl. With the Cl + P coupling, Cl controlled the reactions between the minerals and Tl, while P and the minerals had no significant impact. With the coupled minerals of SiO2 + CaO + Al2O3, S exerted a more influence than did Cl and P on the distributions of Tl, thus preventing Tl emissions.

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Acknowledgements

This study was financially supported by the Guangdong Special Support Program for Training High Level Talents (No.2014TQ01Z248), the Scientific and Technological Planning Project of Guangzhou, China (No.2016201604030058; 201704030109) and the Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province, China (No. 2017A050501036; 2017A040403063; 2017A040403044). We are grateful to Lv Jun for his enthusiastic help with the numerical simulations.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China

    Jingyong Liu, Junhui Zhang & Guang Sun

  2. Department of Environmental Engineering, Abant Izzet Baysal University, 14052, Bolu, Turkey

    Musa Buyukada & Fatih Evrendilek

  3. Shanxi Key Laboratory for Gold and Resources, School of Metallurgical Engineering, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi’an, 710055, China

    Xiaoe Dang

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  1. Jingyong Liu
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Correspondence to Jingyong Liu.

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Liu, J., Zhang, J., Sun, G. et al. Thermodynamic Equilibrium Simulations of Thallium Distributions in Interactions with Chlorine, Sulfur, Phosphorus, and Minerals During Sludge Co-combustion. Waste Biomass Valor 11, 1251–1259 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12649-018-0454-z

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