Abstract
The depth dependence of the production of neutrons and capture gamma-ray line emission are calculated by Monte Carlo simulation of the nuclear processes taking place when flare-accelerated ions interact with the solar atmosphere. The calculations also give the heliocentric-angular dependence of the 2.223 MeV neutron capture line emission as a function of accelerated-ion energy spectrum and angular distribution. These results are compared with observations to determine the energy spectrum shape and total ion number for various flares.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Allen, C. W.: 1963, Astrophysical Quantities, Athlon Press, London, p. 164.
Avrett, E. H.: 1981, in L. E. Cram and J. H. Thomas (eds.), The Physics of Sunspots, AURA, Sacramento Peak Obs., p. 235.
Bai, T.: 1986, Astrophys. J. 308, 912.
Barkas, W. H. and Berger, M. J.: 1964, Tables of Energy Losses and Ranges of Heavy Charged Particles, NASA, Washington D.C., p. 131.
Bertrand, F. E., Peele, R. W., and Kalbach-Cline, C.: 1974, Phys. Rev. C10, 1028.
Biermann, L., Haxel, O., and Schlüter, A.: 1951, Z. Naturforsch 6A, 47.
Blatt, J. M. and Weiskopf, V. F.: 1952, Theoretical Nuclear Physics, John Wiley and Sons Inc., New York.
Cameron, A. G. W.: 1982, in C. A. Barnes, D. D. Clayton, and D. N. Schramm (eds.), Essays in Nuclear Astrophysics, Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, p. 23.
Cane, H. V., McGuire, R. E., and von Rosenvinge, T. T.: 1985, 19th Internat. Cosmic Ray Conf. Papers 4, 88.
Chupp, E. L.: 1982, in R. E. Lingenfelter, H. S. Hudson, and D. M. Worrall (eds.), Gamma Ray Transients and Related Astrophysical Phenomena, Am. Inst. Phys., New York, p. 363.
Chupp, E. L.: 1984, Ann. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 22, 359.
Chupp, E. L., Forrest, D. J., Higbie, P. R., Suri, A. N., Tsai, C., and Dunphy, P. P.: 1973, Nature 241, 333.
Chupp, E. L., Forrest, D. J., and Suri, A. N.: 1975, in S. R. Kane (ed.), Solar Gamma-,X-, and EUV Radiation, D. Reidel Publ. Co., Dordrecht, Holland, p. 341.
Chupp, E. L., Forrest, D. J., Ryan, J. M., Cherry, M. L., Reppin, C., Kanbach, G., Rieger, E., Pinkau, K., Share, G. H., Kinzer, R. L., Strickman, M. S., Johnson, W. N., and Kurfess, J. D.: 1981, Astrophys. J. 244, L171.
Chupp, E. L., Forrest, D. J., Ryan, J. M., Heslin, J., Reppin, C., Pinkau, K., Kanbach, G., Rieger, E., and Share, G. H.: 1982, Astrophys. J. 263, L95.
Chupp, E. L., Forrest, D. J., Kanbach, G., Share, G. H., Debrunner, H., and Fluckiger, E.: 1983, 18th Internat. Cosmic Ray Conf. Papers 10, 334.
Chupp, E. L., Forrest, D. J., Vestrand, W. T., Cooper, J. F., Kanbach, G., Reppin, C., and Share, G. H.: 1985, 19th Internat. Cosmic Ray Conf. Papers 4, 126.
Chupp, E. L., Debrunner, H., Fluckiger, E., Forrest, D. J., Golliez, F., Kanbach, G., Vestrand, W. T., and Share, G. H.: 1986, Astrophys. J., submitted.
Cliver, E. W., Forrest, D. J., McGuire, R. E., and Von Rosenvinge, T. T.: 1983, 18th Internat. Cosmic Ray Conf. Papers 10, 342.
Coleman, W. A.: 1968, Nucl. Sci. Eng. 32, 76.
Colgate, S. A.: 1978, Astrophys. J. 221, 1068.
Debrunner, H., Fluckiger, E., Chupp, E. L., and Forrest, D. J.: 1983, 18th Internat. Cosmic Ray Conf. Papers 4, 75.
Efimov, Y. E. and Kocharov, G. E.: 1985, 19th. Internat. Cosmic Ray Conf. Papers 4, 154.
Efimov, Y. E., Kocharov, G. E., and Kudela, K.: 1983, 18th. Internat. Cosmic Ray Conf. Papers 10, 276.
Evenson, P., Kroeger, R., and Meyer, P.: 1985, 19th. Internat. Cosmic Ray Conf. Papers 4, 130.
Evenson, P., Meyer, P., and Pyle, K. R.: 1983, Astrophys. J. 274, 875.
Forman, M. A., Ramaty, R., and Zweibel, E. G.: 1986, in P. A. Sturrock (ed.), The Physics of the Sun, D. Reidel Publ. Co., Dordrecht, Holland, Vol. 2, p. 249.
Forrest, D. J.: in M. L. Burns, A. K. Harding, and R. Ramaty (ededs.), Positron-Electron Pairs in Astrophysics, Am. Inst. Phys., New York, p. 3.
Howerton, R. J.: 1976, UCRL-50400, Vol. 15, Part B.
Hua, X.-M.: 1986, Ph.D. Dissertation, University of California, San Diego, 129 pp.
Hua, X.-M. and Lingenfelter, R. E.: 1986a, Astrophys. J., submitted.
Hua, X.-M. and Lingenfelter, R. E.: 1986b, Astrophys. J., submitted.
Hudson, H. S., Bai, T., Gruber, D. E., Matteson, J. L., Nolan, P. L., and Peterson, L. E.: 1980, Astrophys. J. 236, L91.
Ibragimov, I. A. and Kocharov, G. E.: 1977, Soviet. Astron. Letters 3, 221.
Iucci, N., Parisi, M., Signorini, C., Storini, M., and Villorresi, S.: 1984, Nuovo Cimento 7C, 732.
Kahn, H.: 1954, Application of Monte Carlo, AECU-3259.
Kalend, A. M., Anderson, B. D., Baldwin, A. R., Madey, R., Watson, J. W., Chang, C. C., Holmgren, H. D., Koontz, R. W., Wu, J. R., and Machner, H.: 1983, Phys. Rev. C28, 105.
Kanbach, G., Reppin, C, Forrest, D. J., and Chupp, E. L.: 1975, 14th Internat. Cosmic Ray Conf. Papers 5, 1644.
Kanbach, G., Pinkau, K., Reppin, C., Rieger, E., Chupp, E. L., Forrest, D. J., Ryan, J. M., Share, G. H., and Kinzer, R. L.: 1981, 17th. Internat. Cosmic Ray Conf. Papers 10, 9.
Kocharov, G. E. and Mandzhavidze, N. Z.: 1984a, Izvestia A.N.S.S.S.R., Ser. Fiz. 48, 2212.
Kocharov, G. E. and Mandzhavidze, N. Z.: 1984b, Astron. Zh. Pisma 10, 771.
Kocharov, G. E. and Mandzhavidze, N. Z.: 19th. Internat. Cosmic Ray Conf. Papers 4, 150.
Li, S.-C. and Cao, T.-J.: 1983, Solar Phys. 86, 197.
Lingenfelter, R. E., Flamm, E. J., Canfield, E. H., and Kellman, S.: 1965a, J. Geophys. Res. 70, 4077.
Lingenfelter, R. E., Flamm, E. J., Canfield, E. H., and Kellman, S.: 1965b, J. Geophys. Res. 70, 4087.
Lingenfelter, R. E., Ramaty, R., Murphy, R. J., and Kozlovsky, B.: 1983, 18th. Internat. Cosmic Ray Conf. Papers 4, 101.
Lingenfelter, R. E., Ramaty, R., Murphy, R. J., and Kozlovsky, B.: 1985, in M. L. Cherry, W. A. Fowler, and K. Lande (eds.), Solar Neutrinos and Neutrino Astronomy, Am. Inst. Phys., New York, p. 121.
Lingenfelter, R. E. and Ramaty, R.: 1967, in B. S. P. Shen (ed.), High Energy Nuclear Reactions in Astrophysics, W. A. Benjamin Inc., New York, p. 99.
Lock, W. O. and Measday, D. F.: 1970, Intermediate Energy Nuclear Physics, Methuen, London, Chap. 10.
McDonald, F. B. and van Hollebeke, M. A. I.: 1985, Astrophys. J. 290, L67.
McGuire, R. E. and von Rosenvinge, T. T.: 1984, Adv. Space Res. 4:2–3, 117.
McGuire, R. E., von Rosenvinge, T. T., and McDonald, F. B.: 1977, 15th. Internat. Cosmic Ray Conf. Papers 5, 54.
McGuire, R. E., von Rosenvinge, T. T., and McDonald, F. B.: 1979, 16th. Internat. Cosmic Ray Conf. Papers 5, 61.
McGuire, R. E., von Rosenvinge, T. T., and McDonald, F. B.: 1981, 17th. Internat. Cosmic Ray Conf. Papers 3, 65.
Meyer, J. P.: 1972, Astron. Astrophys. Suppl. 7, 417.
Morrison, P.: 1958, Nuovo Cimento 7, 858.
Murphy, R. J.: 1985, Ph.D. Dissertation, Univ. of Maryland, pp. 206.
Murphy, R. J. and Ramaty, R.: 1985, Adv. Space Res. 4 (7), 127.
Murphy, R. J., Dermer, C. D., and Ramaty, R.: 1986, Astrophys. J. Suppl., submitted.
Neumann, J. von: 1951, NBS Appl. Math. Series 12, 36.
Olver, P. W. J.: 1968, in M. Abramowitz and I. A. Stegun (eds.), Handbook of Mathematical Functions with Formulas, Graphs and Mathematical Tables, G.P.O., Washington D.C., p. 355.
Pei, L.-C. and Zhang, X.-Z.: 1980, Monte Carlo Method and its Application to the Problems of Neutron Transport, Science Press, Beijing, Chap. 3.
Prince, T. A., Ling, J. C., Mahoney, W. A., Riegler, G. R., and Jacobson, A. S.: 1982, Astrophys. J. 255, L81.
Prince, T. A., Forrest, D. J., Chupp, E. L., Kanbach, G., and Share, G. H.: 1983, 18th. Internat. Cosmic Ray Conf. Papers 4, 79.
Ramaty, R.: 1979, in J. Arons, C. Max, and C. McKee (eds.), Particle Acceleration Mechanisms in Astrophysics, Am. Inst. Phys., New York, p. 135.
Ramaty, R. and Lingenfelter, R. E.: 1969, Astrophys. J. 155, 587.
Ramaty, R., Murphy, R. J., Kozlovsky, B., and Lingenfelter, R. E.: 1983a, Solar Phys. 86, 395.
Ramaty, R., Murphy, R. J., Kozlovsky, B., and Lingenfelter, R. E.: 1983b, Astrophys. J. 273, L41.
Ramaty, R., Kozlovsky, B., and Lingenfelter, R. E.: 1975, Space Sc. Rev. 18, 341.
Ramaty, R., Kozlovsky, B., and Lingenfelter, R. E.: 1979, Astrophys. J. Suppl. 40, 487.
Ramaty, R., Kozlovsky, B., and Suri, A. N.: 1977, Astrophys. J. 214, 617.
Ramaty, R., Lingenfelter, R. E., and Kozlovsky, B.: 1982, in R. E. Lingenfelter, H. S. Hudson and D. M. Worrall (eds.), Gamma Ray Transients and Related Astrophysical Phenomena, Am. Inst. Phys., New York, p. 211.
Rieger, E., Reppin, C., Kanbach, G., Forrest, D. J., Chupp, E. L., and Share, G. H.: 1983, 18th. Internat. Cosmic Ray Conf. Papers 10, 338.
Share, G. H., Chupp, E. L., Forrest, D. J., and Rieger, E.: 1983, in M. L. Burns, A. K. Harding, and R. Ramaty: Positron-Electron Pairs in Astrophysics, Am. Inst. Phys., New York, p. 15.
Stecker, F. W.: 1971, Cosmic Gamma Rays, NASA, Washington D.C., p. 96.
Van Beek, H. F., Hoyng, P., and Stevens, G. A.: 1973, in H. E. Coffey (ed.), Collected Data Reports on August 1972 Solar Terrestrial Events, World Data Center Report UAG-28 part II, p. 319.
Wang, H. T.: 1975, Ph.D. Dissertation, Univ. of Maryland, 94 pp.
Wang, H. T. and Ramaty, R.: 1974, Solar Phys. 36, 129.
Wu, R. R., Chang, C. C., and Holmgren, H. D.: 1979, Phys. Rev. C19, 698.
Yoshimori, M.: 1984, J. Phys. Soc. Japan 53, 4499.
Yoshimori, M. and Watanabe, H.: 1985, 19th. Internat. Cosmic Ray Conf. Papers 4, 90.
Yoshimori, M., Hirasima, Y., and Okudaira, K.: 1983a, Solar Phys. 86, 375.
Yoshimori, M., Okudaira, K., Hirasima, Y., and Kondo, I.: 1983b, 18th. Internat. Cosmic Ray Conf. Papers 4, 85.
Yoshimori, M., Okudaira, K., Hirasima, Y., and Kondo, L: 1983c, 18th. Internat. Cosmic Ray Conf. Papers 4, 89.
Zweibel, E. G. and Haber, D.: 1982, Astrophys. J. 264, 648.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Hua, X.M., Lingenfelter, R.E. Solar flare neutron production and the angular dependence of the capture gamma-ray emission. Sol Phys 107, 351–383 (1987). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00152031
Received:
Revised:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00152031