Abstract
Photochemical air quality models provide the most defensible method for relating future air quality to changes in emission, and hence are the foundation for determining the effectiveness of proposed control strategies. However, strategies, based primarily on controlling reactive organic gas emissions, have not provided the expected benefits. This raises the question of what have been the deficiencies in previous studies utilizing these tools? Furthermore, what changes are necessary, and desired, to improve upon past efforts? The current generation of models have matured within their original frameworks to represent, relatively accurately, the important physical and chemical processes affecting pollutant dynamics in urban atmospheres. The ability to follow regional dynamics is less well demonstrated. Current regional models have a single horizontal resolution scale. Multiscale models will enable detailed treatment of urban chemistry, and also effectively follow long range transport and chemistry. Improved computational capabilities will allow more detailed chemistry and heterogeneous processes to be followed within the models. The practice of photochemical modeling will benefit greatly from recent and future intensive field studies. The advancements in both the model framework and practice will allow much more accurate evaluation of proposed control strategies, and lead to a much improved understanding of pollutant dynamics.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Carter, W. P. L., Lurmann, F. W., Atkinson, R., and Lloyd, A. C.: 1986, ‘Development and Testing of a Surrogate Species Chemical Reaction Mechanism’, EPA Contract No. 68-02-4104, Statewide Air Polution Research Center, Riverside, CA.
Chang, J. S., Brost, R. A., Isaksen, I. S. A., Madronich, S., Middleton, P., Stockwell, W. R., and Walcek, C. J.: 1987, J. Geophys. Res. 92, 14861.
Cho, S-Y, Carmichael, G. R., and Rabitz, H.: 1988, Atmos. Environ. 21, 2589.
Chock, D. P.: 1991, (in press).
Chock, D. P. and Dunker, A. M.: 1983, Atmos. Environ. 17, 11.
Dodge, M. C.: 1989, J. Geophys. Res. 94, 5121.
Dunker, A. M.: 1981, ‘Efficient Calculation of Sensitivity Coefficients for Complex Atmospheric Models’, Atmos. Environ. 15, 1155–1161.
Gery, M. W., Whitten, G. Z., and Killus, J. P.: 1989, ‘Development and testing of the CBM-IV for Urban and Regional Modeling’, EPA Contract No. 68-02-4136, Systems Applications Inc., San Rafael, CA.
Hov, Ø, Zlatev, Z., Berkowitcz R., Eliassen, A., and Prahm, L. P.: 1989, Atmos. Environ. 23, 967.
Lamb, R. G.: 1983, ‘A Regional Scale (1000 km) Model of Photochemical Air Pollution: Part 1. Theoretical Formulation’, EPA-600/3-83-035, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, N.C.
Lawson, D. R.: 1990, JAWMA 40, 156.
Lurmann, F. W., Carter, W. P. L., and Coyner, L. A.: 1987, ‘A Surrogate Species Chemical Reaction Mechanism for Urban-scale Air Quality Simulation Models’, EPA Contract No. 68-02-4104.
McRae, G. J., Goodin, W. R., and Seinfeld, J. M.: 1982, J. Comput. Phys. 45, 1–42.
McRae, G. J., Goodin, W. R., and Seinfeld, J. M.: 1982, ‘Mathematical Modeling of Photochemical Air Polution’, EQL Report No. 18, Environmetal Quality Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA.
Milford, J. B., Russell, A. G., and McRae, J. G.: 1989, Environ. Sci. Technol 23, 1290.
Milford, J. B., Russell, A. G., and McRae, J. G.: 1991 (submitted).
Milford, J. B.: 1988, ‘Photochemical Air Pollution Control Strategy Development’, Ph. D. Thesis, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA.
Morris, R. E., Myers, T. C., Causley, M. C., Gardner, L., and Carr, E. L.: 1989, ‘Urban Airshed Model Study of Five Cities: Low-cost Application of the Model to Atlanta and Evaluation of the Effect of Biogenic Emission Control Strategies’, report to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Systems Applications, Inc., San Rafael, California, (SYSAPP-89/117).
Odman, M. T. and Russell, A. G.: 1991a, Atmos. Environ. (in press).
Odman, M. T. and Russell, A. G.: 1991b, J. Geophys. Res. 96, 7363.
Pierson, Gertler, A. W., and Bradow, R. L.: 1990, JAWMA 40, 1475.
Pilinis, C. and Seinfeld, J. H.: 1988, Atmos. Environ. 22, 1985.
Possiel, N. and Cox, W. M.: 1991, Water, Air, and Soil Pollut. 00, 000–000.
Rao, S. T. and Sistla, G.: 1991, Water, Air, and Soil Pollut. 00, 000–000.
Russell, A. G., McCue, K. F., and Cass, G. R.: 1988, Environ. Sci. Technol, 22, 263.
Russell, A. G. and Cass, G. R.: 1986, Atmos. Environ. 20, 2011.
Russell, A. G., McRae, G. J., and Cass, G. R.: 1983, Aerosol Science and Technology 2, 179.
Schere, K. L., Wayland, R. A. (1989), ‘EPA Regional Oxidant Model (ROM2.0): Evaluation on 1980 NEROS Data Bases’, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Report No. EPA /600/3-89/057, Research Triangle Park, N.C.
Shieh, D., Chang, Y., and Carmichael, G., R.: 1988, Env. Software 3, 28.
Stockwell, W. R. and Tang, X.: 1987, Paper No. 87-72.1, Annual Meeting of Air Pollution Control Association, New York, NY.
Tilden, J. W., Seinfeld, J. H.: 1982, Atmos. Environ. 16, 1357.
Whitten, G. Z. and Gery, M.-W.: 1986, ‘Development of CBM-X Mechanisms for Urban and Regional AQSMS’, EPA Contract No. 68-02-3738, Systems Applications Inc., San Rafael, CA.
Whitten, G. Z., Killus, J. P., and Johnson, R. G.: 1985, ‘Modeling of Auto Exhaust Smog Chamber Data for EKMA Development’, EPA Contract No. 68-02-3735, Systems Applications Inc., San Rafael, CA.
Yamartino, R. J., Scire, J. S., Hanna, S. R., Carmichael, G. R., and Chang, Y. S.: 1989, ‘CALGRID: a Mesoscale Photochemical Grid Model’, California Air Resources Board Report No. A049-1, Sacramento, California.
Young, T. R. and Boris, J. P.: 1977, J. Phys. Chem. 81, 2424.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Russell, A., Odman, M.T. Future directions in photochemical air quality modeling. Water Air Soil Pollut 67, 181–193 (1993). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00480820
Received:
Revised:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00480820