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A comparison between wet and bulk deposition at an urban site in the U.K.

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Abstract

As a part of an ongoing investigation into urban acidic deposition in Greater Manchester, a wet-only collector was collocated with a bulk collector in the city centre of Manchester, one of 18 sites of an urban precipitation monitoring network. A comparison of data from these collocated bulk and wet-only collectors allowed estimates of the contribution of dry deposition to the bulk collector to be made. Dry deposition was found to contribute between 15 and 17% to elevated deposition and concentrations of non marine sulphate, nitrate and ammonium in the bulk collector. By a statistical analysis between ion concentrations with gas concentrations and an evaluation of the available literature, the form of the dry deposited material was inferred. The contribution of dry deposited Ca2+ to concentration and deposition in the bulk collector was found to be 46%. Calcium species are suggested as being those which reduce acidity most. Statistical analyses revealed significant differences between concentrations of ions found in the bulk and wet-only collectors. An evaluation of the data from the collocated collectors has identified possible sampling artifacts introduced by the use of bulk collectors in urban areas.

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  1. David S. Lee

    Present address: Environmental Physics Department, Environmental Safety Division, AEA Environment and Energy, Harwell Laboratory, OX 11, Oxfordshire, ORA, UK

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Acid Rain Information Centre, Department of Environmental and Geographical Studies, John Dalton Extension, Manchester Polytechnic, Chester Street, M1 5GD, Manchester, UK

    David S. Lee & James W. S. Longhurst

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  1. David S. Lee
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  2. James W. S. Longhurst
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Lee, D.S., Longhurst, J.W.S. A comparison between wet and bulk deposition at an urban site in the U.K.. Water Air Soil Pollut 64, 635–648 (1992). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00483372

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00483372

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