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Relative summer abundances and distribution of Pseudocalanus spp. (Copepoda: Calanoida) adults in relation to environmental variables in the Nordic Seas and Svalbard fjords

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Abstract

North Atlantic average sea surface temperatures have increased since the 1970s, and how the marine environment is responding to the temperature increase is of considerable interest. Several zooplankton taxa have been reported to have undergone shifts in distributional ranges driven by climate change. We present a study on interannual variability of adult Pseudocalanus spp. from the Norwegian Sea and two fjords of Spitsbergen, collected between 2003 and 2009. Species are identified based on the combination of morphological features and molecular methods (mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I gene, COI and nuclear internal transcribed spacer 1, ITS 1 sequences). Based on multivariate statistics, our observations suggest that Pseudocalanus species differ markedly in their environmental preferences; three species appear to be oceanic: P. elongatus is associated with relatively high temperatures and shares domain with P. minutus, P. moultoni tolerates a wide range of temperatures and is widely distributed, while P. acuspes is a coastal/shelf species that is strongly associated with cold and less saline waters. We conclude that with a climate change and increasing sea water temperatures, P. elongatus is likely to shift its distribution northward; for P. acuspes, it may result in smaller populations in the future; while P. minutus and P. moultoni may not be affected.

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Acknowledgments

Zooplankton and CTD data are a part of the multiyear collection of the Institute of Oceanology, Polish Academy of Sciences; we thank Ilona Goszczko from the Ocean Circulation Laboratory for providing CTD data. This research project was supported by Grant No. 2011/03/B/NZ8/02876 from the National Science Centre, Poland and the Polish State Committee for Scientific Research Grant No. N N304 119834.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economy, UiT- The Arctic University of Norway, 9037, Tromsø, Norway

    Ole Nicolai Staurland Aarbakke & Svein-Erik Fevolden

  2. Marine Ecology Department, Institute of Oceanology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Powstancow Warszawy 55, 81-712, Sopot, Poland

    Agata Weydmann

  3. Institute of Oceanography, University of Gdańsk, al. Marszałka Piłsudskiego 46, 81–378, Gdynia, Poland

    Agata Weydmann

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  1. Ole Nicolai Staurland Aarbakke
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Correspondence to Agata Weydmann.

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Aarbakke, O.N.S., Fevolden, SE. & Weydmann, A. Relative summer abundances and distribution of Pseudocalanus spp. (Copepoda: Calanoida) adults in relation to environmental variables in the Nordic Seas and Svalbard fjords. Polar Biol 40, 51–59 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-016-1923-0

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