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Effect of endothelial glycocalyx layer redistribution upon microvessel poroelastohydrodynamics

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 June 2016

T. C. Lee ,
D. S. Long  and
R. J. Clarke
T. C. Lee
Affiliation:
Department of Engineering Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
D. S. Long
Affiliation:
Department of Engineering Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
R. J. Clarke*
Affiliation:
Department of Engineering Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
*
†Email address for correspondence: rj.clarke@auckland.ac.nz
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Abstract

The endothelial glycocalyx layer (EGL) is a macromolecular layer that lines the inner surface of blood vessels. It is believed to serve a number of physiological functions in the microvasculature, including protection of the vessel walls from potentially harmful levels of fluid shear, as a molecular sieve that acts to regulate transendothelial mass transport, and as a transducer of mechanical stress from the vessel lumen. To best fulfil some of its roles, it has been suggested that the EGL redistributes, so that it is thickest at the cell–cell junctions. It has also been suggested that the majority of mechanotransduction occurs through the solid phase of the EGL, rather than via its fluid phase. The difficulties associated with measuring the distribution of the EGL in vivo make these hypotheses difficult to confirm experimentally. Consequently, to gauge the impact of EGL redistribution from a theoretical standpoint, we compute the flow through a porous-lined microvessel, the endothelial surface of which has been informed by confocal microscopy images of a postcapillary venule. Following earlier studies, we model the poroelastohydrodynamics of the EGL using biphasic mixture theory, taking advantage of a recently developed boundary integral representation of these equations to solve the coupled poroelastohydrodynamics using the boundary element method. However, the low permeabilities of the EGL mean that viscous effects are confined to thin layers, thereby also enabling an asymptotic treatment of the dynamics in this limit. In this asymptotic regime, we also consider a two-layer Stokes flow model for the lumen flow to approximate the effect of red blood cells within the lumen. We demonstrate that redistribution of the EGL can have a substantial impact upon microvessel haemodynamics. We also confirm that the bulk of the mechanical stress is indeed carried through the solid phase of the EGL.

JFM classification

Biological Fluid Dynamics: Blood flow Low-Reynolds-number flows: Boundary integral methods Low-Reynolds-number flows: Low-Reynolds-number flows
Type
Papers
Information
Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Volume 798 , 10 July 2016 , pp. 812 - 852
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© 2016 Cambridge University Press 

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