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Tempestitic shell beds formed by a new serpulid polychaete from the Bajocian (Middle Jurassic) of the Central High Atlas (Morocco)

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Abstract

Serpulid-dominated shell beds from the Lower Bajocian (Middle Jurassic) of the Central High Atlas (Morocco) are primarily formed by quadrangular tubes of the serpulid polychaete Nogrobs moroccensis sp. nov. The transverse tube ornament consisting predominately of wrinkles, the lack of narrow spirals and the shortness or absence of attached posterior tube portion represent the diagnostic features of this new species. Tubes of Nogrobs moroccensis co-occur with gastropods and oyster–crinoidal debris. We suggest that these serpulids were free-lying in their adult stage and formed benthic meadows on soft-bottom habitats. They frequently show parallel alignment in plane views in both graded and non-graded, few-cm-thick shell beds, corresponding to distal tempestites deposited close to and below storm wave base in an outer-ramp environment. The excellent preservation of serpulids implies short residence time on the seafloor, and the lack of compositional mixing with other communities and their restriction to outer-ramp habitats indicate that they represent parautochthonous assemblages. Analyses of serpulid orientation on the bottom bedding planes of shell beds revealed weak unidirectional arrangement of tubes, whereas orientation on the top bedding planes revealed strong unidirectional arrangement of tubes, with significantly different orientation relative to the bottom planes. This change could suggest a shift from predominantly a current component of the combined storm flow (with uneven seafloor surface and adhesion of skeletal grains to muddy substrate) to significant oscillatory component of the waning storm, as also suggested by bidirectional orientation of gastropods.

Kurzfassung

Serpulidenreiche Schilllagen im Unter-Bajocium (Mittel-Jura) des zentralen Hohen Atlas (Marokko) bestehen überwiegend aus den rechteckigen Röhren der Serpulidenart Nogrobs moroccensis sp. nov. Charakteristische Merkmale dieser neuen Species sind das hauptsächlich aus Runzeln bestehende Querornament, das Fehlen enger Spiralen und der nur kurze oder fehlende aufgewachsene hintere Röhrenabschnitt. Die Röhren von Nogrobs moroccensis kommen gemeinsam mit Gastropoden, Austernfragmenten und Skelettelementen von Crinoiden vor. Wir stellen uns vor, daß diese Serpuliden im adulten Stadium lose auf dem weichen Meeresboden lagen und hier benthische submarine Wiesen bildeten. Die Serpulidenröhren erfüllen sowohl gradierte als auch nicht gradierte, einige Zentimeter dicke Schilllagen; diese interpretieren wir als distale Tempestite, die nahe an und unterhalb der Sturmwellenbasis in einem Habitat auf der äußeren Rampe abgelagert wurden. Auf den Schichtflächen sind die Serpulidenröhren häufig parallel eingeregelt. Die ausgezeichnete Erhaltung der Serpulidenröhren deutet darauf hin, daß sie lediglich für kurze Zeit frei auf der Oberfläche des Meeresbodens herumlagen. Das Fehlen einer Vermischung mit anderen Gemeinschaften und ihre Beschränkung auf die äußeren Rampe zeigt an, dass sie parautochthone Vergesellschaftungen darstellen. Die Analyse der Orientierung der Serpulidenröhren auf den unteren Schichtflächen der Schilllagen ergab eine schwach ausgeprägte Anordnung in einer Richtung, wohingegen die Orientierung auf den oberen Schichtflächen eine stark ausgeprägte Anordnung in einer Richtung zeigt, die signifikant von der Richtung auf den unteren Schichtflächen abweicht. Dieser Richtungswechsel zeugt möglicherweise von einem Wechsel von der vorherrschenden Wirkung abfließenden Wassers (mit einer unregelmäßigen Oberfläche des Meeresbodens und Klebenbleiben von Bioklasten auf dem schlammigen Substrat) hin zu einer signifikant oszillierenden, vom abflauenden Sturm induzierten Wasserbewegung, auf die auch die Orientierung von Gastropodengehäusen in zwei entgegengesetzten Richtungen hinweist.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to thank the Ministère de l‘Energie et des Mines in Rabat for permissions that made the fieldwork and sample transport possible. We thank Olev Vinn and Mike Reich for comments and suggestions. This research was supported by projects APVV 0644-10, VEGA 2/0136/15 and DKRVO 2016/06.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Geology and Paleontology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynska dolina, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15, Bratislava, Slovakia

    Ján Schlögl

  2. Paleontologické oddělení, Národní Muzeum, Václavské náměstí 68, 115 79, Prague, Czech Republic

    Tomáš Kočí & Jan Sklenář

  3. Ivančická 581, Prague 9, 199 00, Letňany, Czech Republic

    Tomáš Kočí

  4. Lindenstrasse 53, 72348, Rosenfeld, Germany

    Manfred Jäger

  5. Institute of Geology, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 93, 02-089, Warsaw, Poland

    Tomasz Segit

  6. Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, Moulay Ismaïl University, Zitoune, 11201, Meknes, Morocco

    Driss Sadki

  7. Laboratoire de Dynamique des Bassins et Géomatique, Département de Géologie, Faculté des Sciences Semlalia, Université Cadi Ayyad, Boulevard Prince My Abdellah, 2390, Marrakech, Morocco

    Mounsif Ibnoussina

  8. Earth Science Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 840 05, Bratislava, Slovakia

    Adam Tomašových

Authors
  1. Ján Schlögl
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  2. Tomáš Kočí
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  3. Manfred Jäger
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  4. Tomasz Segit
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  5. Jan Sklenář
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  6. Driss Sadki
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  7. Mounsif Ibnoussina
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  8. Adam Tomašových
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Contributions

J.S. and A.T. designed the sampling, J.S., A.T., T.S., D.S. and M.I. collected samples, T.K. M.J. and J. Sk. performed palaeoecological, taxonomic and photographic analyses, T.S. performed extraction of fossil lineations and statistical analyses, and all authors contributed to palaeoenvironmental interpretations and revisions.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ján Schlögl.

Additional information

Handling editor: Mike Reich.

Electronic supplementary material

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

12542_2017_381_MOESM1_ESM.jpg

Supplementary Fig. 1. Comparison of automated extraction of edges and manual measurement of fossil orientation on top of slab 5. A Image of slab surface. B Automatically extracted edges and distribution of angular data. C Manually measured orientation of elongated bioclasts (serpulid tubes and gastropods) and distribution of angular data. D, E Two-sample quantile–quantile plot and Fisher uniformity plot of data from automated and manual measurements. F Diagram collating angular distributions and mean directions of data from automated and manual measurements (JPEG 6032 kb)

12542_2017_381_MOESM2_ESM.jpg

Supplementary Fig. 2. Departure of orientations of automatically extracted fossil lineations from circular uniform distribution (Fisher uniformity plots, Fisher 1993) on eight top and six bottom surfaces of serpulid shell bed slabs. Note the generally larger departure from uniformity on top surfaces. Each angular dataset was rotated through α = π/4 from horizontal position of mean direction (JPEG 839 kb)

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Schlögl, J., Kočí, T., Jäger, M. et al. Tempestitic shell beds formed by a new serpulid polychaete from the Bajocian (Middle Jurassic) of the Central High Atlas (Morocco). PalZ 92, 219–240 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12542-017-0381-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12542-017-0381-5

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