Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Helcionelloids, stenothecoids and hyoliths from the Tannenknock Formation (traditional lower middle Stage 4/Wuliuan boundary interval) of the Franconian Forest, Germany

  • Research Paper
  • Published:
PalZ Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The early middle Cambrian Tannenknock Formation of the Franconian Forest, traditionally subdivided into the Galgenberg and Wildenstein strata, yields a relatively diverse fauna. This fauna includes a number of molluscs, which portrays a fairly diverse assemblage that can be regarded as paradigmatic for the lower–middle Cambrian boundary interval in West Gondwana, with the helcionelloid genera Helcionella, “Bemella,” “Igorella,” Latouchella, Leptostega, Yochelcionella, the pelagiellid Pelagiella, a stenothecoid, and the Hyolithida Hyolithes?, Hexitheca?, Jincelites, Maxilites?, Aladraco, Cambrachelous, the Orthothecida Brevitheca?, Nephrotheca?, and a number of helcionelloid and hyolith forms dealt with under open nomenclature. New species include the helcionelloids Helcionella lemdadensis sp. nov. and Leptostega frankenwaldensis sp. nov. and the hyoliths Grantitheca? klani sp. nov. and Cambrachelous diploprosopus gen. et sp. nov. The stenothecoid discovered in the Wildenstein Member of the formation is the first report of the group from West Gondwana.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14
Fig. 15
Fig. 16
Fig. 17
Fig. 18
Fig. 19
Fig. 20
Fig. 21
Fig. 22
Fig. 23
Fig. 24
Fig. 25

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Aksarina, N.A., and Y.L. Pel’man. 1978. Kembriyskie brakhiopody i dvustvorchatye mollyuski Sibiri. Akademiya Nauk SSSR, Sibirskoe Otdelenie, Trudy Instituta Geologii i Geofiziki 362: 1–177.

  • Atkins, C.J., and J.S. Peel. 2004. New species of Yochelcionella (Mollusca: Helcionelloida) from the Lower Cambrian of North Greenland. Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark 51: 1–9.

    Google Scholar 

  • Atkins, C.J., and J.S. Peel. 2008. Yochelcionella (Mollusca, Helcionelloida) from the lower Cambrian of North America. Bulletin of Geosciences 83: 23–38.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Barrande, J. 1867. Systême Silurien du Centre de la Bohême. Ordre des Ptéropodes, 3, 1–179. Prague and Paris: Published by the author.

  • Behr, H., W. Engel, and W. Franke. 1980. Guide to Excursion No. 2, Münchberger Gneismasse und Bayerischer Wald. International Conference on the Effect of Deformation on Rocks, Göttingen, 1980. Microtectonics 80: 100.

  • Bengtson, S., S. Conway Morris, B.J. Cooper, P.A. Jell, and B.N. Runnegar. 1990. Early Cambrian fossils from South Australia. Association of Australasian Paleontologists Memoir 9: 1–364.

    Google Scholar 

  • Berg-Madsen, V., and J.M. Malinky. 1999. A revision of Holm’s Late Mid and Middle Cambrian hyoliths of Sweden. Palaeontology 42: 841–885.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bertling, M. 1992. Arachnostega n. ichnog.—burrowing traces in internal moulds of boring bivalves (late Jurassic, Northern Germany). Paläontologische Zeitschrift 66: 177–185.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chen, P., and F. Zhang. 1980. Small shell fossil assemblage from the Meishucunian Stage of Yunnan. Wuhan College of Geological Studies 26: 190–197. (in Chinese with English abstract).

    Google Scholar 

  • Cobbold, E.S. 1921. The Cambrian horizons of Comley (Shropshire) and their Brachiopoda, Pteropoda, Gasteropoda, etc. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society, London 76: 325–386.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Creveling, J.R., A.H. Knoll, and D.T. Johnston. 2014. Taphonomy of Cambrian phosphatic small shelly fossils. Palaios 29: 295–308.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cuvier, G. 1797. Tableau élémentaire de l’histoire naturelle des animaux. xvi + 710 pp. Paris: Baudouin.

  • Elicki, O. 2003. Das Kambrium Sachsens. Veröffentlichungen des Museums für Naturkunde Chemnitz 26: 41–62.

    Google Scholar 

  • Elicki, O. 2007. Paleontological data from the Early Cambrian of Germany and paleobiogeographical implications for the configuration of central Perigondwana. In The evolution of the Rheic Ocean: From Avalonian-Cadomian active margin to Alleghenian-Variscan collison, eds. U. Linnemann, R.D. Nance, P. Kraft, and G. Zulauf. Geological Society of America Special Paper 423: 143–152.

  • Fatka, O., R. Mikuláš, M. Szabad, V. Micka, and M. Valent. 2011. Arachnostega Bertling, 1992 in the Drumian (Cambrian) sediments of the Teplá-Barrandian region (Czech Republic). Acta Geologica Polonica 61: 367–381.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gandl, J. 1998. Neue Daten zum jüngeren Paläozoikum NE-Bayerns und angrenzender Gebiete—Faziesentwicklung und geotektonische Konsequenzen. Geologica Bavarica 103: 19–273.

    Google Scholar 

  • Geyer, G. 1986. Mittelkambrische Mollusken aus Marokko und Spanien. Senckenbergiana lethaea 67: 55–118.

    Google Scholar 

  • Geyer, G. 1990. Die marokkanischen Ellipsocephalidae (Trilobita: Redlichiida). Beringeria 3: 1–363.

    Google Scholar 

  • Geyer, G. 1994. Middle Cambrian molluscs from Idaho and early conchiferan evolution. In Studies in Stratigraphy and Paleontology in honor of Donald W. Fisher, ed. E. Landing. New York State Museum Bulletin 481:69–86.

  • Geyer, G. 2010. The Cambrian and Ordovician of the Franconian Forest. In Prague 2010—The 15th Field Conference of the Cambrian Stage Subcommission Working Group. International Subcommission on Cambrian Stratigraphy, 4–11 June, 2010. Abstracts and Excursion Guide, eds. O. Fatka, and P. Budil, 78–92. Prague: Czech Geological Survey.

  • Geyer, G. 2017. Trilobites of the Galgenberg Member (Tannenknock Formation), middle Cambrian Stage 5, Franconian Forest, Germany: a paradigmatic lowermost middle Cambrian West Gondwanan fauna. PalZ 91: 5–70.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Geyer, G. 2018. A new enigmatic hyolith from the Cambrian of West Gondwana and its bearing on the systematics of hyoliths. Papers in Palaeontology 4: 85–100. https://doi.org/10.1002/spp2.1098.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Geyer, G., and E. Landing. 2004. A unified Lower–Middle Cambrian chronostratigraphy for West Gondwana. Acta Geologica Polonica 54: 179–218.

    Google Scholar 

  • Geyer, G., and E. Landing. 2006. Latest Ediacaran and Cambrian of the Moroccan Atlas regions. In Ediacaran–Cambrian depositional environments and stratigraphy of the western Atlas regions, eds Geyer, G., and E. Landing. UCL Maghreb Petroleum Research Group, Infracambrian/Early Palaeozic Field Guide Series 1 and Beringeria Special Issue 6: 7–46.

  • Geyer, G., and J.M. Malinky. 1995. Middle Cambrian Fossils from Tizi n’Tichka, the High Atlas, Morocco. Part 1, Introduction and trilobites. Journal of Paleontology 71: 620–637.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Geyer, G., and T. Vincent. 2015. The Paradoxides puzzle resolved: the appearance of the oldest paradoxidines and its bearing on the Cambrian Series 3 lower boundary. Paläontologische Zeitschrift 89: 335–398.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Geyer, G., and H. Wiefel. 1997. Fränkisch-Thüringisches Schiefergebirge. In Stratigraphie von Deutschland II. Teil I: Thüringen, Sachsen, Ostbayern, ed. Stratigraphische Kommission Deutschlands. Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg 200: 57–102.

  • Geyer, G., E. Landing, and W. Heldmaier. 1995. Faunas and depositional environments of the Cambrian of the Moroccan Atlas region. MOROCCO ‘95—the Lower-Middle Cambrian standard of western Gondwana, eds. Geyer, G., and E. Landing. Beringeria Special Issue 2: 47–119.

  • Geyer, G., O. Elicki, O. Fatka, and A. Żylinska. 2008. Cambrian. In The Geology of Central Europe. Volume 1: Precambrian and Palaeozoic, ed. T. McCann, 155–202. London: The Geological Society.

  • Geyer, G., E. Landing, S. Höhn, U. Linnemann, S. Meier, T. Servais, T. Wotte, and H.-G. Herbig. in rev. Revised Cambrian stratigraphy in the Franconian Forest (Frankenwald), Germany reveals typical West Gondwanan signature in the Saxothuringian Belt. Newsletters on Stratigraphy.

  • Göthel, M. 2001. Das autochthone und allochthone Paläozoikum des “Görlitzer Schiefergebirges” (Mitteleuropäische Varisziden, Deutschland). Zeitschrift für Geologische Wissenschaften 29: 55–73.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gould, S.J. 1968. Ontogeny and the explanation of form: an allometric analysis. Journal of Paleontology 42: 81–98.

    Google Scholar 

  • Grabau, A.W. 1900. Palaeontology of the Cambrian terranes of the Boston Basin. Occasional Papers of the Boston Society of Natural History 4: 601–694.

    Google Scholar 

  • Grabau, A.W., and H.W. Shimer. 1909. North American Index Fossils, Invertebrates, Volume 1, i–viii + 1–853. New York: A.G. Seiler & Company, New York.

  • Hall, J. 1847. Containing descriptions of the organic remains of the lower division of the New York system (equivalent of the Lower Silurian rocks of Europe). Paleontology of New York 1: 1–338.

    Google Scholar 

  • Heuse, T., H. Blumenstengel, O. Elicki, G. Geyer, W. Hansch, J. Maletz, G.N. Sarmiento, and D. Weyer. 2010. The faunal province of the southern margin of the Rheic Ocean. In Pre-Mesozoic Geology of Saxo-Thuringia from the Cadomian Active Margin to the Variscan Orogen, eds. U. Linnemann and R.L. Romer, 99–170. Frankfurt: Schweizerbart Science Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hicks, H. 1872. On some undescribed fossils from the Menevian Group of Wales. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London 27: 41–42.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Høyberget, M., J.O.R. Ebbestad, B. Funke, and H.A. Nakrem. 2015. The shelly fauna and biostratigraphy of the lower Cambrian (provisional series 2, stage 4) Evjevik Member, Ringstrand Formation in the Mjøsa area, Norway. Norwegian Journal of Geology 95: 23–56.

    Google Scholar 

  • Horný, R.J. 1957. Problematic molluscs (?Amphineura) from the Lower Cambrian of southern and eastern Siberia (USSR). Sbornik Ustredního Ústavu Geologického 23(for 1956): 397–413.

  • Horný, R.J. 1965. On the systematical position of Cyrtolites Conrad, 1838 (Mollusca). Časopis Národního Muzea v Praze, Oddíl přírodovědný 134: 8–10.

    Google Scholar 

  • Horstig, G. von, and G. Stettner. 1976. Geologische Karte von Bayern 1: 25000, Erläuterungen zum Blatt Nr. 5735 Schwarzenbach am Wald, 1–178 pp. München: Bayerisches Geologisches Landesamt.

  • Ivanova, V.A. 1955. Otryad Ostracoda—ostrakody. In Polevoy atlas ordovikskoy i siluriyskoy fauny Sibirskoy platformy, ed. Ivanova, V.A., 105–116. Moscow: Gosgeoltekhizdat.

  • Jackson, I.S.C., and T.M. Claybourn. 2018. Morphometric analysis of inter- and intraspecific variation in the Cambrian helcionelloid mollusc Mackinnonia, Palaeontology. https://doi.org/10.1111/pala.12368.

  • Jacquet, S.M., and G.A. Brock. 2016. Lower Cambrian helcionelloid macromolluscs from South Australia. Gondwana Research 36: 333–358.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Janiszewska, J. 1957. Actinomyxidia II. New systematics, sexual cycle, description of new genera and species. Zoologica Poloniae 8: 3–34.

    Google Scholar 

  • Janiszewska, J. 1963. Stan badań nad fauną pasożytów bezkręgowców w Polsce. Wiadomości Parazytologiczne 9: 307–315.

    Google Scholar 

  • Janiszewska, J. 1967. Mckinnonia tubificis Janiszewska 1963 (Coccidiomorpa) from the body cavity of Tubifex tubifex (Muell.). Zoologica Poloniae 17: 241–257.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kiderlen, H. 1933. Conularia schloppensis aus dem Mittelcambrium des Frankenwalds ist ein Arthropodentelson (Oxyprymna n.g.). Centralblatt für Mineralogie, Geologie und Paläontologie, Abteilung B 3: 166–173.

    Google Scholar 

  • Koneva, S.P. 1976. New members of the class Stenothecoida from the Lower Cambrian of Central Kazakhstan. Paleontological Zhurnal 1976(2): 230–233.

    Google Scholar 

  • Koneva, S.P. 1979a. Stenotekoidy i bezzamkovye brakhiopody nizhnego i niznov srednego kembriya tsentral’nogo Kazakhstana, 1–120. Alma-Ata: Akademiya Nauk Kazakhskoy SSR.

  • Koneva, S.P. 1979b. Early Cambrian Stenothecoida from the Lesser Karatau and Tamdytau ranges. Paleontological Journal 13(1): 40–49.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kouchinsky, A., S. Bengtson, S. Clausen, A. Gubanov, J.M. Malinky, and J.S. Peel. 2011. A Middle Cambrian fauna of skeletal fossils from the Kuonamka Formation, northern Siberia. Alcheringa 35: 123–189.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kruse, P. 1991. Cambrian fauna of the Top Springs Limestone, Georgina Basin. The Beagle, Records of the Northern Territory Museum of Arts and Sciences 8: 169–188.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kruse, P. 1998. Cambrian palaeontology of the eastern Wiso and western Georgina basins. Northern Territory Geological Survey, Report 9: iv + 68 pp.

  • Landing, E. 1988. Lower Cambrian of Eastern Massachusetts: stratigraphy and Small Shelly Fossils. Journal of Paleontology 62: 661–695.

    Google Scholar 

  • Landing, E. 1991. Upper Precambrian through Lower Cambrian of Cape Breton Island: faunas, paleoenvironments, and stratigraphic revision. Journal of Paleontology 65: 570–595.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Landing, E., P. Myrow, A.P. Benus, and G.M. Narbonne. 1989. The Placentian Series: appearance of the oldest skeletized faunas in southeastern Newfoundland. Journal of Paleontology 63: 739–769.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Linnarsson, J.G.O. 1871. Om några försteningar från Sveriges och Norges “Primordialzon”. Öfversigt af Kungliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens Förhandlingar 6: 789–796.

    Google Scholar 

  • Linnarsson, J.G.O. 1877. Om faunan i lagren med Paradoxides ölandicus. Sveriges Geologiska Undersökning, Ser. C 40, Aftr. Föreningens i Stockholm Förhandlingar 1877, III: 352–375 [1–24].

  • Linnemann, U., and M. Schauer. 1999. Die Entstehung der Elbezone vor dem Hintergrund der cadomischen und variszischen Geschichte des Saxothuringischen Terranes—Konzequenzen aus einer abgedeckten geologischen Karte. Zeitschrift für Geologischen Wissenschaften 27: 529–561.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ludwig, V. 1969. Lithologische Untersuchung des Kambriums im Frankenwald (Bayern). Geologisches Jahrbuch 87: 89–159.

    Google Scholar 

  • Malinky, J.M. 1987. Taxonomic revision of Lower and Middle Paleozoic Orthothecida (Hyolitha) from North America and China. Journal of Paleontology 61: 942–959.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Malinky, J.M. 1988. Early Paleozoic Hyolitha from North America: Reexamination of Walcott’s and Resser’s specimens. Journal of Paleontology 62: 218–233.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Malinky, J.M. 1989. New Early Paleozoic Hyolithida and Orthothecida (Hyolitha) from North America. Journal of Paleontology 63: 302–319.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Malinky, J.M. 2002. A revision of early to mid Ordovician hyoliths from Sweden. Palaeontology 45: 511–555.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Malinky, J.M. 2009. First occurrence of Orthotheca Novák, 1886 (Hyolitha, Early Devonian) in North America. Journal of Paleontology 83: 588–596.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Malinky, J.M., and V. Berg-Madsen. 1999. A revision of Holm’s Early and early Mid Cambrian hyoliths of Sweden. Palaeontology 42: 25–65.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Marek, L. 1963. New knowledge on the morphology of Hyolithes. Sborník geologických věd, řada Paleontologie 1: 53–72.

    Google Scholar 

  • Marek, L. 1966. New hyolithid genera from the Ordovician of Bohemia. Časopis Národního muzea, Oddíl přírodovědný 135(2): 89–92.

    Google Scholar 

  • Marek, L. 1967. The Class Hyolitha in the Caradoc of Bohemia. Sborník geologických věd, řada Paleontologie 9: 51–112.

    Google Scholar 

  • Marek, L. 1972. Middle Cambrian Hyolithes: Maxilites gen. n. [Maxilites gen. n. ze středního kambria (Hyolitha)]. Časopis Národního muzea, Oddíl přírodovědný 141: 69–72.

    Google Scholar 

  • Marek, L. 1975. The discovery of a new hyolithid fauna in the Middle Cambrian of Bohemia. Bohemia centralis 4: 64–71.

    Google Scholar 

  • Martí Mus, M., T. Palacios, and S. Jensen. 2008. Size of the earliest mollusks: Did small helcionellids grow to become large adults? Geology 36: 175–178.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Missarzhevsky, V.V.1989. Drevneyshie skeletnye okamenelosti i stratigrafiya pogranichnykh tolshch dokembriya i kembriya (The oldest skeletal fossils and stratigraphy of the Precambrian and Cambrian boundary strata). Trudy Geologicheskiy Institut, Akademiya Nauk SSSR 443: 1–237. (in Russian).

  • Missarzhevsky, V.V., and A.M. Mambetov. 1981. Stratigrafiya i fauna pogranichnykh sloyev kembriya i dokembriya Malogo Karatau [Stratigraphy and fauna of the Precambrian-Cambrian boundary beds of the Malyy Karatau]. Trudy Ordena Trudovogo Krasnogo Znameni Geologicheskiy Institut Akademiya Nauk SSSR 326: 1–90.

    Google Scholar 

  • Novák, O. 1891. Revision der palaeozoischen Hyolithiden Böhmens. Abhandlungen der mathematisch-naturwissenschaftlichen Classe der böhmischen Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften, series 7, 4: 1–48.

  • Parkhaev, P.Y. 2001. Molluscs and siphonoconchs. In The Cambrian biostratigraphy of the Stansbury Basin, South Australia, eds. D.I. Gravestock, E.M. Alexander, Yu.E. Demidenko, N.V. Esakova, L.E. Holmer, J.B. Jago, T.R. Lin, L.M. Melnikova, P.Yu. Parkhaev, A.Yu. Rozanov, G.T. Ushatinskaya, W.L. Zang, and E.A. Zhegallo, 133–210. Transactions of the Palaeontological Institute, Academy of Science, Moscow 282. Moscow: IAPC “Nauka/Interperiodica”.

  • Parkhaev, PYu. 2005a. Kembriyskie gel’tsionelloidnye mollyuski kak fundament evolyutsii klassa Gastropoda. In Sobremennaya paleontologiya: Klassicheskie i noveyshie metody, 63–84. Moscow: Paleontologicheskiy Institut Rossiyskaya Akademiya Nauk.

    Google Scholar 

  • Parkhaev, P.Y. 2005b. Dva novykh vida kembriyskikh gel’tsionelloidnykh mollyuskov c severa Sibirskoy platformy (Two new species of the Cambrian helcionelloid mollusks from the Northern Part of the Siberian Platform). Paleontologicheskiy Zhurnal 2005(6): 43–46, and Paleontological Journal 39(6): 615–619.

  • Parkhaev, P.Y. 2008. The Early Cambrian radiation of Mollusca. In Phylogeny and Evolution of the Mollusca, eds. W.F. Ponder, and D.R. Lindberg, D.R., 33–69. Berkeley: University of California Press.

  • Parkhaev, P.Y. 2017a. On the position of Cambrian Archaeobranchians in the system of the Class Gastropoda. Paleontologicheskiy Zhurnal 2017(5): 3–12, and Paleontological Journal 51(5): 453–463.

  • Parkhaev, P.Y. 2017b. Davidonia nom. nov., a new substitute name for a Cambrian gastropod genus. Paleontologicheskiy Zhurnal 2017(5): 115, and Paleontological Journal 51(5): 574.

  • Peel, J.S. 1991. Functional morphology of the Class Helcionelloida nov., and the early evolution of the Mollusca. In The early evolution of Metazoa and the significance of problematic taxa, eds. A. Simonetta, and S. Conway Morris, 157–177. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press and University of Camerino.

  • Peel, J.S., and E.L. Yochelson. 1987. New information on Oelandia (Mollusca) from the Middle Cambrian of Sweden. Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark 36: 263–273.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pel’man, Yu.L., N.A. Aksarina, S.P. Koneva, L.E. Popov, L.P. Sobolev, and G.T. Ushatinskaya. 1992. Drevneyshie brakhiopody territorii severnoy Evrazii [The oldest brachiopods from the territory of northern Eurasia]. Novosibirsk: OIGGiM RAN (United Institute of Geology, Geophysics, and Mineralogy, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences).

  • Popov, L.E., and L.E. Holmer. 1996. Middle Cambrian lingulate brachiopods from the Tarbagatay Range, Kazakhstan. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 41: 299–317.

    Google Scholar 

  • Qian, Y, and L. Xiao. 1995. Hyoliths. Beijing: Science Press. (in Chinese).

  • Qian, Y., M. Chen, and Y.Y. Chen. 1979. Hyolithids and other small shelly fossils from the Lower Cambrian Huangshandong Formation in the eastern part of the Yangtze Gorge. Acta Palaeontologica Sinica 18: 207–230.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rasetti, F. 1957. Additional fossils from the Middle Cambrian Mt. Whyte Formation of the Canadian Rocky Mountains. Journal of Paleontology 31: 955–972.

    Google Scholar 

  • Raup, D.M. 1966. Geometric analysis of shell coiling: general problems. Journal of Paleontology 40: 1178–1190.

    Google Scholar 

  • Resser, C.E. 1938. Fourth contribution to nomenclature of Cambrian fossils. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 91(10): 1–43.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rouse, G.W. 2000. The epitome of hand waving? Larval feeding and hypotheses of metazoan phylogeny. Evolution & Development 2(4): 222–233.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rozanov, A.Yu., and V.V. Missarzhevsky. 1966. Biostratigrafiya i fauna nizhnikh gorizontov kembriya [Biostratigraphy and fauna of the Cambrian lower horizons]. Akademiya Nauk SSSR, Trudy geologicheskiy institut 148: 1–125. (in Russian).

  • Rozanov A.Yu., V.V. Missarzhevskiy, N.A. Vol’kova, L.G. Voronova, I.N. Krylov, B.M. Keller, I.K. Korolyuk, K. Lendzion, R. Michniak, N.G. Rykova, and A.D. Sidorov. 1969. Tommotskiy yarus i problema nizhney granitsy kembriya. Akademiya Nauk SSSR, Trudy Geologicheskaya Instituta 206: 1–379. (in Russian).

  • Rozanov, A.Yu., P.Yu. Parkhaev, Yu.E. Demidenko, G.A. Karlova, I.V. Korovnikov, Yu.Ya. Shabanov, A.Y. Ivantsov, V.A. Luchinina, Ya.E. Malakhovskaya, L.M. Mel’nikova, E.B. Naimark, A.G. Ponomarenko, N.A. Skorlotova, V.M. Sundukov, D.A. Tokarev, G.T. Ushatinskaya, and L.D. Kipriyanova. 2010. Fossils from the Lower Cambrian Stratotypes. Russian Academy of Sciences, Borissiak Paleontological Insitute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Trofimuk Institute of Oil and Gasgeology and Geophysics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, FGUP “Siberian Research Insitute of Geology, Geophysics and Mineral Resources”, Ministry of Nature Protection pf Sakha Republic (Yakutia), Nature Park Lena Pillars, 1–225. Moscow: Paleontologicheskiy Institut Rossiyksaya Alademiya Nauk (In Russian and English).

  • Runnegar, B. 2007. No evidence for planktotrophy in Cambrian mollusks. Evolution & Development 9: 311–312.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Runnegar, B., and P.A. Jell. 1976. Australian Middle Cambrian molluscs and their bearing on early molluscan evolution. Alcheringa 1: 109–138.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Runnegar, B., and J. Pojeta Jr. 1974. Molluscan phylogeny: the paleontological viewpoint. Science 186(4161): 311–317.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Savarese, M., and P.W. Signor. 1989. New archaeocyathan occurrences in the Upper Harkless Formation (Lower Cambrian of western Nevada). Journal of Paleontology 63: 539–549.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schmidt, E.W. 1942. Die mittelkambrische Fauna von Doberlug. Jahrbuch der Reichsstelle für Bodenforschung 62(for 1941): 344–402.

  • Sdzuy, K. 1964. Das Kambrium des Frankenwaldes. 1. Erforschungsgeschichte, Vorkommen und Stratigraphie. Senckenbergiana lethaea 45: 201–221.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shaler, N.S., and A.F. Foerste. 1888. Preliminary description of North Attleboro fossils. Harvard Museum of Comparative Zoology Bulletin 16: 27–41.

    Google Scholar 

  • Siau, Y., and R. Ormières. 1970. Mackinnonia lumbricilli n. sp. et Adelina enchytraei n. sp., coccidies parasites d’annélides oligochètes. Bulletin de la Société Zoologique de France 95: 315–320.

    Google Scholar 

  • Skovsted, C.B. 2004. Mollusc fauna from the Early Cambrian Bastion Formation of North-East Greenland. Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark 51: 11–37.

    Google Scholar 

  • Skovsted, C.B., and J.S. Peel. 2007. Small shelly fossils from the argillaceous facies of the Lower Cambrian Forteau Formation of western Newfoundland. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 52: 729–748.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stål, C. 1893. Enumeratio Hemipterorum. Bidrag till en förteckning öfver alla hittills kända Hemiptera, jemte systematiska meddelanden, 3. Svenska Akademiens Handlingar 11(2): 1–163.

  • Stettner, G. 1972. Zur geotektonischen Entwicklung im Westteil der Böhmischen Masse bei Berücksichtigung des Deformationsstils im orogenen Bewegungssystem. Zeitschrift der deutschen geologischen Gesellschaft 123: 291–326.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sun, H.J., L.E. Babcock, J. Peng, and J.M. Kastingar. 2017. Systematics and palaeobiology of some Cambrian hyoliths from Guizhou, China, and Nevada, USA. Alcheringa 41: 79–100.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sysoev, V.A. 1957. K morfologii, sistematike i sistematicheskomu polozheniu khiolitiov [On the morphology, systematic and systematic position of the Hyolithoidea]. Doklady, Akademii Nauk SSSR 116: 304–307.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sysoev, V.A. 1958. Nadotryad Hyolithoidea [Superorder Hyolithoidea]. In Osnovy paleontologii 6. Mollyuski - golovonogie. II Ammonoidei (tseratity i ammonity) vnytrennerakovinnye,, eds. Yu.A. Orlov, N.P. Luppov, and V.V. Drushchits, 184–190. Moskva: Gosudarstvennoe nauchno-tekhnicheskoe izdatel'stvo literatury po geologii i okhrane nedr.

  • Sysoev V.A. 1972. Biostratigrafiya i khiolity ortotetsiomorfy nizhnego kembriya Sibirskoy platformy [Biostratigraphy and orthothecomorph hyoliths from the Lower Cambrian of the Siberian platform]. Institut Geologii, Sibirskoe Otdelenie, Yakutskiy filial’, Yakutsk.

  • Tate, R. 1892. The Cambrian fossils of South Australia. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia 15: 183–189.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thompson, D’A.W. 1945. On growth and form. A new edition, 1–1116. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, New York: Macmillan.

  • Valent, M., O. Fatka, V. Micka, and M. Szabad. 2009. Jincelites vogeli gen. et sp. nov. (Hyolitha) from the Cambrian of the Czech Republic (Příbram-Jince Basin, Teplá-Barrandian region). Bulletin of Geosciences 84: 179–184.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Valent, M., O. Fatka, M. Szabad, V. Micka, and L. Marek. 2012. Two new orthothecids from the Cambrian of the Barrandian area (Hyolitha, Skryje-Týřovice Basin, Czech Republic). Bulletin of Geosciences 87: 241–248.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Valent, M., O. Fatka, and L. Marek. 2013. Gracilitheca and Nephrotheca (Hyolitha, Orthothecida) in the Cambrian of the Barrandian area, Czech Republic. Alcheringa 37: 115–124.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vendrasco, M.J., S.M. Porter, A. Kouchinsky, G.X. Li., and C.Z. Fernandez. 2010. New data on molluscs and their shell microstructures from the Middle Cambrian Gowers Formation, Australia. Palaeontology 53: 97–135.

  • Wurm, A. 1924a. Über ein Vorkommen von Mittelkambrium (Paradoxidesstufe) aus dem Frankenwald. Geognostische Jahreshefte 37: 67–68.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wurm, A. 1924b. Über ein Vorkommen von Mittelcambrium (Paradoxides-Schichten) im bayerischen Frankenwald. Zeitschrift der deutschen geologischen Gesellschaft 75. Monatsberichte für 1923: 135–136.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wurm, A. 1925a. Geologie von Bayern. Teil 1: Nordbayern, Fichtelgebirge und Frankenwald. In Handbuch der Geologie und Bodenschätze Deutschlands. II. Abt.: Regionale Geologie Deutschlands, 1–373. Berlin: Borntraeger.

  • Wurm, A. 1925b. Über ein Vorkommen von Mittelcambrium (Paradoxidesschichten) im bayrischen Frankenwald bei Wildenstein südlich Presseck. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Geologie und Paläontologie. Beilagen-Band 52, Abteilung B: 71–93.

  • Yochelson, E.L. 1968. Stenothecoida, a proposed new class of Cambrian Mollusca. Lethaia 2: 49–62.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yu, W. 1974. Cambrian Gastropoda. In Handbook of the Stratigraphy and Palaeontology of Southwest China, ed. NIGPAS. Beijing: Science Press. (in Chinese).

  • Yu, W. 1986. Lower Cambrian univalved molluscs from Qurugtagh, Xinjiang. Acta Palaeontologica Sinica 25: 10–16. (in Chinese with English abstract).

    Google Scholar 

  • Yu, W. 1987. Yangtze micromolluscan fauna in Yangtze region of China with notes on Precambrian–Cambrian boundary. In Stratigraphy and Palaeontology of Systematic Boundaries in China. Precambrian-Cambrian Boundary (1), ed. NIGPAS, 19–275. Nanjing: Nanjing University Publishing House. (in Chinese with English abstract).

  • Yu, W. 1996. Early Cambrian stenothecoid molluscs from China. Records of the Western Australian Museum 18: 209–217.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This study includes almost all available mollusc specimens known from the Tannenknock Formation. The material comes partly from the collection of Stefan Meier (Marktredwitz), other specimens come from collections of the late Klaus Sdzuy (Würzburg) and the senior author. Loan of specimens was made possible by Martin Nose and Winfried Werner (Bayerische Staatssammlung für Geologie und Paläontologie, Munich) and Erwin Geiß (Bayerisches Landesamt für Umwelt, Augsburg/Munich). We thank Anna Żylińska and Bożena Plejznerowska (both Warsaw University) for help accessing literature. The material used in this study was partly collected in the course of several research grants of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) to the senior author, and the preparation of the manuscript was made possible by research grant GE 549/22-1 to GG. This work was financially supported by the Ministry of Culture of the Czech Republic (DKRVO 2018/06, National Museum, 00023272) to MV. We gratefully acknowledge comprehensive reviews by John Malinky (Escondido, CA, USA), Sarah Jacquet (University of Missouri, Columbia, MO) and Pavel Yu. Parkhaev (Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia), which significantly helped to improve this article.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institut für Geographie und Geologie, Lehrstuhl für Geodynamik und Geomaterialforschung, Bayerische Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany

    Gerd Geyer

  2. Národní Muzeum, Václavské náměstí 68, 115 79, Praha 1, Czech Republic

    Martin Valent

  3. Mineralienkabinett Stefan Meier, Zweigstraße 22, 95615, Marktredwitz, Germany

    Stefan Meier

Authors
  1. Gerd Geyer
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Martin Valent
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Stefan Meier
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Gerd Geyer.

Additional information

Handling editor: Mike Reich.

Appendix: Samples from Tannenknock formation relevant for this study

Appendix: Samples from Tannenknock formation relevant for this study

Locality IDs starting with “W” or “T” and with Arabic numbers refer to occurrences in the Wildenstein and Triebenreuth–Tiefenbach slices. Location of the Wildenstein localities indicated in Fig. 2. Occurrences of Helcionelloida, Pelagiellida, Stenothecoida, and Hyolitha according to the presented data, trilobite data from Geyer (2017).

Collectors are (in alphabetical order): Erwin Albert, Burgkunstadt (†); Josef Gandl, Würzburg; Gerd Geyer (author); Wolfgang Hammann, Würzburg (†); Peter Hickethier, Zedtwitz; Jörg Hiltl, Erlangen; Reverent S. G. Kohlmann, Stadtsteinach (†); Hermann Klan, Hof (†); Ed Landing, Albany, NY, USA; Volkmar Ludwig, Würzburg (†); Stefan Meier, Marktredwitz; Bruno Paulus, München (†); Rudolf Richter, Frankfurt a. M. (†); Armin Rückert, Würzburg/Neuried; Klaus Sdzuy, Würzburg (†); Harald Tragelehn, Köln/Wallenfels; Wolfgang Trapp, Würzburg; and Adolf Wurm, Würzburg (†). Some specimen in the SMF repository were collected by unidentified members of the University of Frankfurt a. M.

Sample ID*

Alternative sample ID(s)

Helcionelloida, Pelagiellida, Stenothecoida, Hyolitha

Trilobites encountered

Member

Remarks

Collector(s)

Coordinates

W2

Hochbehälter, wasserwerk

Hyolith genus and species indet. A

Kingaspidoides frankenwaldensis

Parasolenopleura wurmi

Galgenberg Member

Galgenberg facies, with coarse intercalations

Geyer, Kohlmann, Meier, Richter, Sdzuy

N 50° 11′ 47″, E 11° 33′ 29″

W8

Str, Weg

Helcionella capula

Helcionella aff. oblonga

Helcionella sp. A

“Bemella” sp. A

“Igorella” sp. A

Helcionelloid gen. and sp. indet. A

Latouchella cf. comma

Leptostega frankenwaldensis

Helcionelloid gen. and sp. B

Yochelcionella? sp. indet.

Pelagiella sp. A

Stenothecoides? sp. indet.

Grantitheca? klani

Maxilites? sp.

Hyolithid gen. and sp. A

Aladraco schloppensis

Cambrachelous diploprosopus

Kingaspidoides frankenwaldensis

Kingaspidoides meieri

Parasolenopleura wurmi

Wildenstein Member

mostly in Wildenstein facies

Geyer, Meier, Sdzuy

N 50° 11′ 59″, E 11° 33′ 37″

W9

Steinbruch, St, Stbr

Jincelites cf. vogeli

Maxilites? sp.

Aladraco schloppensis

Cambrachelous diploprosopus

 

Wildenstein Member

Wildenstein facies

Albert, Geyer, Klan, Kohlmann, Meier, Sdzuy, Richter, Wurm, unknown collector

N 50° 12′ 1″, E 11° 33′ 35″

W11

Galgen-Wiese

Cambrachelous diploprosopus

Hyolith genus and species indet. D

Kingaspidoides frankenwaldensis

Kingaspidoides laetus?

Acadoparadoxides sp. A

Enixus aff. juvenis

Parasolenopleura wurmi

Galgenberg Member

Galgenberg facies

Albert, Gandl?, Geyer, Landing, Meier, Richter?, Sdzuy, Wurm?

N 50° 12′ 13″, E 11° 33′ 44″

W12

Galgen,

Galgen I

Helcionella sp. A

Grantitheca? klani

Hexitheca? sp.

Jincelites cf. vogeli

Aladraco schloppensis

Cambrachelous diploprosopus

Hyolithid gen. and sp. B

Hyolith gen. and sp. indet. E

Kingaspidoides frankenwaldensis

Acadoparadoxides? sp. A

Parasolenopleura wurmi

Parasolenopleura parabolica

Galgenberg Member

Galgenberg facies

Albert, Gandl, Geyer, Hickethier, Hiltl, Kohlmann, Landing, Meier, Paulus, Richter, Rückert, Sdzuy, Trapp, Wurm

N 50° 12′ 15″, E 11° 33′ 45″

W12c

Galgen II,

2. Lichtung

Aladraco schloppensis

Nephrotheca? sp.

Kingaspidoides frankenwaldensis

Wildenstein Member

Galgen II in

Wildenstein

facies

Sdzuy

ca. N 50° 12′ 20″, E 11° 33′ 46″

W13

 

Grantitheca? klani

 

Galgenberg Member

Galgenberg facies

Meier

ca. N 50° 12′ 19″, E 11° 33′ 35″

W13a

i, iu

Latouchella cf. comma

Grantitheca? klani

Aladraco schloppensis

Cambrachelous diploprosopus

Hyolith gen. and sp. indet. C

Kingaspidoides frankenwaldensis

Parasolenopleura wurmi

Ornamentaspis cf. crassilimbata

Galgenberg Member

partly in Wildenstein facies

Sdzuy

N 50° 12′ 17″, E 11° 33′ 32″

W13b

j1, j2

Helcionelloid gen. and sp. indet. A

 

Wildenstein Member

Wildenstein facies

Sdzuy

N 50° 12′ 18″, E 11° 33′ 33″

W13e

H, H2

Helcionella capula

Kingaspidoides sp.

Galgenberg Member

Mostly in Wildenstein facies

Sdzuy

ca. N 50° 12′ 20″, E 11° 33′ 36″

W14

K2

Hexitheca? sp.

Kingaspidoides frankenwaldensis

Parasolenopleura wurmi

Galgenberg Member

Galgenberg facies

Albert, Geyer, Hickethier, Klan?, Meier, Sdzuy, Tragelehn

N 50° 12′ 28″, E 11° 33′ 51″

W14a

K1

Grantitheca? klani

Hexitheca? sp.

Jincelites cf. vogeli

Hyolith gen. and sp. indet. E

Kingaspidoides frankenwaldensis

Parasolenopleura wurmi

Ornamentaspis sp.

Wildenstein Member

Galgenberg facies, partly in Wildenstein facies

Sdzuy

ca. N 50° 12′ 27″, E 11° 33′ 50″

W15a

N1

Helcionella sp. A

Brevitheca? sp.

 

Wildenstein Member

Wildenstein facies

Sdzuy

ca. N 50° 12′ 26″, E 11° 33′ 54″

W16b

OII

Aladraco schloppensis

Cambrachelous diploprosopus

 

Wildenstein Member

Wildenstein facies

Sdzuy

ca. N 50° 12′ 28″, E 11° 33′ 56″

W17

OIII

Aladraco schloppensis

 

Wildenstein Member

Wildenstein facies

Geyer, Sdzuy

ca. N 50° 12′ 29″, E 11° 33′ 57″

W18a

Q

Leptostega frankenwaldensis

Pelagiella sp. A

 

Wildenstein Member

Wildenstein facies

Sdzuy

ca. N 50° 12′ 31″, E 11° 33′ 57″

T2

 

Grantitheca? klani

Cambrachelous diploprosopus

Kingaspidoides frankenwaldensis

Kingaspidoides meieri

Parasolenopleura wurmi

Parasolenopleura parabolica

Acadoparadoxides? sp. A

Galgenberg Member

Galgenberg facies

Geyer, Landing, Meier

N 50° 11′ 14″, E 11° 32′ 56″

T2a

 

Grantitheca? klani

Jincelites cf. vogeli

Kingaspidoides frankenwaldensis

Kingaspidoides meieri

Parasolenopleura wurmi

Parasolenopleura parabolica

Galgenberg Member

Galgenberg facies

Geyer, Landing, Meier

N 50° 11′ 14″, E 11° 32′ 57″

T2/T2a

Teufelsstein

See T2 and T2a

See T2 and T2a

Galgenberg Member

Galgenberg facies

Albert, Gandl, Hickethier, Sdzuy

N 50° 11′ 14″, E 11° 32′ 56″

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Geyer, G., Valent, M. & Meier, S. Helcionelloids, stenothecoids and hyoliths from the Tannenknock Formation (traditional lower middle Stage 4/Wuliuan boundary interval) of the Franconian Forest, Germany. PalZ 93, 207–253 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12542-018-0433-5

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12542-018-0433-5

Keywords

Search

Navigation