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Formal Subdivision of the Holocene Series/Epoch: A Summary

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Journal of the Geological Society of India

Abstract

The Holocene Series/Epoch is the most recent series/epoch in the geological timescale, spanning the interval from 11,700 yr to the present day. Together with the subadjacent Pleistocene, it comprises the Quaternary System/Period. The Holocene record contains diverse geomorphological, biological, climatological and archaeological evidence, within sequences that are often continuous and extremely well-preserved at decadal, annual and even seasonal resolution. As a consequence, the Holocene is perhaps the most intensively-studied series/epoch within the entire Geological Time Scale. Yet until recently little attention had been paid to a formal subdivision of the Holocene. Here we describe an initiative by the Subcommission on Quaternary Stratigraphy (SQS) of the International Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS) to develop a formal stratigraphical subdivision of the Holocene, with three new stages/ages, two underpinned by Global Boundary Stratotype Sections and Points (GSSPs in an ice core, and a third in a speleothem. These stages/ages are defined together with their equivalent subseries/subepochs. The new stages/ages are the Greenlandian with its GSSP in the Greenland NGRIP2 ice core and dated at 11,700 yr b2k (before 2000 CE); the Northgrippian with its GSSP in the Greenland NGRIP1 ice core and dated to 8236 yr b2k; and the Meghalayan, with its GSSP in a speleothem from Mawmluh Cave, northeastern India, with a date of 4250 yr b2k. This subdivision was formally ratified by the Executive Committee of the International Union of Geological Sciences (IUGS) on 14th June 2018.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Archaeology, History and Anthropology, Trinity Saint David, University of Wales, Lampeter, Wales, SA48 7EJ, UK

    Mike Walker

  2. Department of Geography and Earth Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, Wales, SY23 3DB, UK

    Mike Walker

  3. Scott Polar Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB1 3ER, England

    Phil Gibbard

  4. Department of Earth Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, Ontario, LS2 3A1, Canada

    Martin J. Head

  5. Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois, 60607, USA

    Max Berkelhammer

  6. Department of Geology, Quaternary Sciences, Lund University, Sölveg 12, SE-22362, Lund, Sweden

    Svante Björck

  7. Institute of Global Change, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xian, Shaanxi, 710049, China

    Svante Björck

  8. Department of Earth Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA

    Hai Cheng

  9. Department of Biology, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick, E3B 5A3, Canada

    Les C. Cwynar

  10. Department of Earth Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, K1N 615, Canada

    David Fisher

  11. Centre for Ice and Climate, The Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Juliane Maries Vej 30, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark

    Vasilios Gkinis

  12. Department of Geography, Durham University, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK

    Antony Long

  13. Department of Geography, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, TW20 0EX, UK

    John Lowe

  14. School of Geography, Environment and Earth Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, 6012, New Zealand

    Rewi Newnham

  15. Centre for Ice and Climate, The Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Julian Maries Vej 30, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark

    Sune Olander Rasmussen

  16. School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA

    Harvey Weiss

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Walker, M., Gibbard, P., Head, M.J. et al. Formal Subdivision of the Holocene Series/Epoch: A Summary. J Geol Soc India 93, 135–141 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12594-019-1141-9

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