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Distributions and Relationships of CO2, O2, and Dimethylsulfide in the Changjiang (Yangtze) Estuary and Its Adjacent Waters in Summer

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Abstract

The distributions and relationships of O2, CO2, and dimethylsulfide (DMS) in the Changjiang (Yangtze) Estuary and its adjacent waters were investigated in June 2014. In surface water, mean O2 saturation level, partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2), and DMS concentrations (and ranges) were 110% (89%–167%), 374 μatm (91–640 μatm), and 8.53 nmol L−1 (1.10–27.50 nmol L−1), respectively. The sea-to-air fluxes (and ranges) of DMS and CO2 were 8.24 μmol m−2 d−1 (0.26–62.77 μmol m−2 d−1), and −4.7 mmol m−2 d−1 (−110.8-31.7 mmol m−2 d−1), respectively. Dissolved O2 was oversaturated, DMS concentrations were relatively high, and this region served as a sink of atmospheric CO2. The pCO2 was significantly and negatively correlated with the O2 saturation level, while the DMS concentration showed different positive relationships with the O2 saturation level in different water masses. In vertical profiles, a hypoxic zone existed below 20 m at a longitude of 123°E. The stratification of temperature and salinity caused by the Taiwan Warm Current suppressed seawater exchange between upper and lower layers, resulting in the formation of a hypoxic zone. Oxidative decomposition of organic detritus carried by the Changjiang River Diluted Water (CRDW) consumed abundant O2 and produced additional CO2. The DMS concentrations decreased because of low phytoplankton biomass in the hypoxic zone. Strong correlations appeared between the O2 saturation level, pCO2 and DMS concentrations in vertical profiles. Our results strongly suggested that CRDW played an important role in the distributions and relationships of O2, CO2, and DMS.

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Acknowledgements

We thank the captain and crew of the R/V ‘Runjiang 1’ for their help during the in situ investigation. We are sincerely grateful to Wensheng Jiang, Lei Li, Anlong Li, Liangming Zhou and Tongtong Chen for assistance and cooperation during the research. We also thank two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments, which greatly improved the manuscript. This work was financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (No. 2016YFA06 01301), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 41176062, 41676065), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No. 201564015), and the projection of the Education Ministration of China ‘A comprehensive practical education base for Marine Science in the Changjiang Estuary and its adjacent sea area’

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  1. Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China

    Xi Wu, Tingting Tan, Chunying Liu, Tie Li & Guipeng Yang

  2. Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China

    Xi Wu, Tingting Tan, Chunying Liu, Tie Li & Guipeng Yang

  3. College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266071, China

    Xiaoshou Liu

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Wu, X., Tan, T., Liu, C. et al. Distributions and Relationships of CO2, O2, and Dimethylsulfide in the Changjiang (Yangtze) Estuary and Its Adjacent Waters in Summer. J. Ocean Univ. China 17, 320–334 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11802-018-3541-7

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