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Sunny hours and variations in the prevalence of asthma in schoolchildren according to the International Study of Asthma and Allergies (ISAAC) Phase III in Spain

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Abstract

The objective of this study was to estimate the relationship between the prevalence of asthma in schoolchildren aged 6–7 years and 13–14 years and the mean annual sunny hours (MASH) in Spain, and to explore predictive models for asthma prevalence. The prevalence of asthma was obtained from the International Study of Asthma and Allergies (ISAAC) Phase III 2002–2003, and climate and socio-economic variables from official sources. Nine centres were studied and a further four centres, two of which are in ISAAC, to test the predictive models. Logistic regression was used to estimate adjusted prevalence rates of asthma for each centre, and multiple regression models to study the effects of MASH and other meteorological and socio-economic variables. The adjusted prevalence rate of asthma decreased 0.6% [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.4–0.8%] for the 6-7 years group and 1.1% (95% CI 0.8–1.3%) for the 13–14 years group with an increase in the MASH of 100 h. Relative humidity was negatively associated with asthma in the older age group, and gross province product per capita (GPP) was positively associated with asthma in the younger age group. The predictive models, which included MASH, gender, relative humidity, and GPP, anticipated prevalence rates of asthma without significant differences between the levels observed and those expected in 9 of the11 measurements carried out. The results indicate that sunny hours have a protective effect on the prevalence of asthma in schoolchildren.

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Aknowledgments

We thank Mr. Anthony Carlson for his help in reviewing the language of the manuscript. Funding: Oscar Rava Foundation Fund 2001, Barcelona. Health Department, Navarra Autonomic Government. Rotaria Luis Vives Fund 2002–2003, Valencia. Health Department, Murcia Autonomic Government. Maria José Jove Foundation, La Coruña. Health Department, Asturias Princedom. Environmental Health Department, City of Cartagena (Spain). The members of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) in Spain are: L. García-Marcos (coordinator), A. Martínez Torres, J.J. Guillén Pérez, V. Pérez Fernández (Cartagena, coordinating centre); J. Batlles Garrido, T. Rubí Ruiz, A. Bonillo Perales, M.M. Sánchez Gutiérrez, B. Chamizo Moreno, J. Momblan de Cabo, R. Jiménez Liria, J. Aguirre Rodríguez, A. Losilla Maldonado, M. Torres Daza (Almería); I. Carvajal Urueña, C. Díaz Vázquez, C. Díez Fernández, A. García Merino, B. Domínguez Aurrecoechea, M. Marcilla Escotet, M.O. Díez Fernández, I. Huerta González (Asturias); R.M. Busquets Monge, O. Valls Combelles (Barcelona); C. González Díaz, A. González Hermosa, N. Garcia Perez, M. Ferrez Arriazu, M. Villar Alvarez (Bilbao); A. Arnedo-Pena, A. Artero, J.B. Bellido, J.B. Campos, Mª.L. Museros, Mª. R. Pac, J. Puig (Castellón); A. López-Silvarrey Varela (La Coruña); G. García Hernández, A. Marínez Gimeno, C. Luna Paredes, A.L. Moro Rodríguez, I. González Gil (Madrid); F. Guillén, I. Aguinaga, B. Marín, C. Brun, J. Hermoso, I. Serrano, M. Fernández, J. de Irala, M.A. Martínez (Pamplona); E.G. Pérez-Yarza, P. Gomez-Cabanillas, N. García de Andoin, I. Miner Canflanc (San Sebastián), M.M. Morales Suarez-Varela, A. Llopis González, M.C. Jiménez López, M. Gracia Antequera (Valencia); A. Blanco Quirós, J. Castrodeza Sanz, S. Marín Urueña, E. Burgueño Sánchez-Taiz (Valladolid).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Epidemiology Division, Centre of Public Health, C/ L’Olivera 5, 2-C, 12005, Castellón, Spain

    Alberto Arnedo-Pena

  2. Pediatric Respiratory and Allergy Units, “Arrixaca” University Children’s Hospital, University of Murcia, and CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERSP), Murcia, Spain

    Luis García-Marcos

  3. “Perpetuo Socorro” Health Center, Huesca, Spain

    Jorge Fuertes Fernández-Espinar

  4. Buelna. Health Center. Los Corrales de Buelna, Cantabria, Spain

    Alberto Bercedo-Sanz

  5. Department of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain

    Ines Aguinaga-Ontoso

  6. Department of Pediatrics, Basurto Hospital, Bilbao, Spain

    Carlos González-Díaz

  7. “La Ería” Health Center, Health Service of the Principality of Asturias, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain

    Ignacio Carvajal-Urueña

  8. Department of Pediatrics, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain

    Rosa Busquet-Monge

  9. Public and Environmental Health Unit, Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, and CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health, Valencia, Spain

    Maria Morales Suárez-Varela

  10. Department of Pediatrics, “Donostia” Hospital, San Sebastián, Guipuzcoa, Spain

    Nagore García de Andoin

  11. Department of Pediatrics, “Torrecárdenas” Hospital, Almería, Spain

    Juan Batlles-Garrido

  12. Department of Pediatrics, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain

    Alfredo Blanco-Quirós

  13. María José Jove Foundation, La Coruña, Spain

    Angel López-Silvarrey Varela

  14. Pediatric Allergy and Pulmonology Unit, “12 de Octubre” University Children’s Hospital, Madrid, Spain

    Gloria García-Hernández

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  1. Alberto Arnedo-Pena
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Correspondence to Alberto Arnedo-Pena.

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Arnedo-Pena, A., García-Marcos, L., Fernández-Espinar, J.F. et al. Sunny hours and variations in the prevalence of asthma in schoolchildren according to the International Study of Asthma and Allergies (ISAAC) Phase III in Spain. Int J Biometeorol 55, 423–434 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00484-010-0353-x

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