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EC trade policy beyond 1992

  • European Community
  • Published:
Intereconomics

Abstract

The initiative to set up the single European market has aroused fears abroad, and indeed even within Europe itself, that the intention is to turn the Community into a “Fortress Europe”. Attempts to allay these fears by the Council of Ministers, the EC Commission or individuals representing them have achieved little success, and on occasion have actually tended to be counter-productive. Is “Fortress Europe” an illusion or a real danger?

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References

  1. Cf. Eurostat: Balance of Payments — Geographycal Breakdown, various annual issues.

  2. Cf. Georg Koopmann: National Protectionism and Common Trade Policy, in: INTERECONOMICS, May/June 1984, p. 105.

  3. Cf. Uta Möbius: EG-Binnenmarkt und Handelspolitik gegenüber Entwicklungsländern: in: DIW-Wochenbericht No. 22/1989, p. 249.

  4. Cf. EC Official Journal, No. L 238, 21st August, 1987, p. 27 (German version).

  5. Cf. Dean Spinanger: Building a Fortress Europe in 1992? Some implications of the Common Internal Market for Hong Kong and other PACRIM countries, P.R.I.C.E.S. Papers, No. 1, Hong Kong and Kiel 1989, p. 13.

  6. Cf. Horst G. Krenzler: Zwischen Protektionismus und Liberalismus. Europäischer Binnenmarkt und Drittlandsbeziehungen, in: Europa-Archiv, No. 9/1988, p. 245.

  7. Cf. Kevin Done, William Dawkins: Giving the green light to Japan, in: Financial Times, 3rd July, 1989.

  8. For details of the contrary position to the Commission strategy advocated in the Council of Ministers by France and Italy, with support from the United Kingdom and Spain, cf. Europe, 1st July, 1989, p. 6.

  9. Cf. EC Official Journal, No. L 35, 9th February, 1982, pp. 1 ff. The previously issued common regulations on imports (1979 and 1974) can be found in Official Journal No. L 131, 29th May, 1979, pp. 15 ff. (German version) and No. L 159, 15th June, 1974, pp. 1 ff.

  10. Cf. Margaret Kelly et al.: Issues and Developments in International Trade Policy, IMF Occasional Paper No. 63, Washington, D.C., December 1988, p. 137.

  11. Cf. Phedon Nicolaides: Safeguards and grey area measures: A challenge to GATT, in: EIU European Trends, Nr. 2, 1989.

  12. Cf. Uta Möbius, op. cit., EG-Binnenmarkt und Handelspolitik gegenüber Entwicklungsländern: in: DIW-Wochenbericht No. 22/1989, p. 247.

  13. Cf. Meinhard Hilf, Reinhard Rolf: Das “Neue Instrument” der EG, in: Recht der Internationalen Wirtschaft, April 1985, pp. 297 ff.

  14. Cf. regulation No. (EEC) 2176/84 of the Council, dated 23rd July, 1984, published in EC Official Journal, No. L201, 30th July, 1984, pp. 1 ff.

  15. For details of these conditions, cf. Sixth Annual Report of the Commission on Antidumping and Antisubsidy Measures, Com(89), 6 final, Brussels 21st March, 1989, p. 12 (German version).

  16. Cf. Patrick A. Messerlin: The EC antidumping regulation: A first economic appraisal, 1980–85 (to be published in Wirtschaftliches Archiv, 1989).

  17. Cf. Christopher Norall: New trends in anti-dumping practice in Brussels, in: The World Economy, Vol. 9, 1986, No. 1, pp. 97 ff.; Brian Hindley: Dumping and the Far East trade of the European Community, in: The World Economy, Vol. 11, 1988, No. 4, pp. 445 ff.; ditto: The design of Fortress Europe, in: Financial Times, 6th January, 1989.

  18. Cf. Peter Montagnon: Chip pricing plan angers computer markers, in: Financial Times, 27th July, 1989.

  19. Cf. Jacques Delors' speech before the European Parliament on 17th January, 1989, reprinted in: EC News, Reports and Information— Documentation, No. 3, 7th February, 1989.

  20. Cf. the conclusions reached by the European Council of Ministers in Rhodes, 2nd–3rd December, 1988, reprinted in: EC News, Reports and Information—Documentation, No. 19, 5th December 1988.

  21. Cf. Wolfgang Kartte: Doping für die Giganten, in: Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, 22nd April, 1989.

  22. Cf. Paolo Cecchini: Europa '92. Der Vorteil des Binnenmarktes, Baden-Baden 1988, pp. 133 f.

  23. Cf., e.g., the Conclusions of the European Council in Hanover on 27th/28th June, 1988, reprinted in: Europa Archiv, No. 16/1988, p. D 444.

  24. Cf. EC Commission: The Completion of the Internal Market, Document COM(85) 310 final, 14th June, 1985. This states, on page 7: “The trade policy identity of the Community [must] be retained in order to avoid other trading partners being offered the advantages of the larger Community market without making any concessions of their own.” (translated from German version).

  25. On this, cf. Jagdish Bhagwati: Protectionism, Cambridge, Mass/London 1988, pp. 35 f.

  26. Cf. Europe as a partner: The external economic dimension of the single market, in: EC Bulletin, No. 10/1988, p. 17 (German version).

  27. Cf. William Dawkins: EC finance ministers approve plan for banking liberalisation, in: Financial Times, 20th June, 1989.

  28. Cf. Robert MacDonald: Lowering the drawbridge on Fortress Europe, in: EIU European Trends, No. 1, 1989, p. 60.

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  1. The Hamburg Institute for Economic Research (HWWA), Hamburg, West Germany

    Georg Koopmann & Hans-Eckart Scharrer

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  1. Georg Koopmann
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  2. Hans-Eckart Scharrer
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Koopmann, G., Scharrer, HE. EC trade policy beyond 1992. Intereconomics 24, 207–215 (1989). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02928636

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