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Microsatellite-based analysis of genetic diversity in 91 commercial Brassica oleracea L. cultivars belonging to six varietal groups

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Abstract

Brassica oleracea L. includes various types of important vegetables that show extremely diverse phenotypes. To elucidate the genetic diversity and relationships among commercial cultivars derived by different companies throughout the world, we characterized the diversity and genetic structure of 91 commercial B. oleracea cultivars belonging to six varietal groups, including cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower, kohlrabi, kale and kai-lan. We used 69 polymorphic microsatellite markers showing a total of 359 alleles with an average number of 5.20 alleles per locus. Polymorphism information content (PIC) values ranged from 0.06 to 0.73, with an average of 0.40. Among the six varietal groups, kohlrabi cultivars exhibited the highest heterozygosity level, whereas kale cultivars showed the lowest. Based on genetic similarity values, an UPGMA clustering dendrogram and a two-dimensional scale diagram (PCoA) were generated to analyze genetic diversity. The cultivars were clearly separated into six different clusters with a tendency to cluster into varietal groups. Model-based structure analysis revealed six genetic groups, in which cabbage cultivars were divided into two subgroups that were differentiated by their head shape, whereas cauliflower and kai-lan cultivars clustered together into a single group. Furthermore, we identified 18 SSR markers showing 27 unique alleles specific to only one cultivar that can be used to discriminate 22 cultivars from the others. Our phylogenetic and population structure analysis presents new insights into the genetic structure and relationships among 91 B. oleracea cultivars and provides valuable information for breeding of B. oleracea species. In addition, we demonstrate the utility of SSR markers as a powerful tool for discriminating between the cultivars. The SSR markers described herein will also be helpful for Distinctness, Uniformity and Stability (DUS) test of new cultivars.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the Technology Development Program (No. 309008-05) for Agriculture and Forestry, Ministry of Food, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Republic of Korea. Nur Kholilatul Izzah is supported by the Islamic Development Bank (IDB), Saudi Arabia.

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  1. Nur Kholilatul Izzah

    Present address: Indonesian Research Institute for Industrial and Beverage Crops (IRIIBC), Pakuwon, Sukabumi, Indonesia

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Plant Science, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-921, Republic of Korea

    Nur Kholilatul Izzah, Jonghoon Lee, Sampath Perumal, Jee Young Park & Tae-Jin Yang

  2. Joeun Seed, #174, Munbang-Ri, Cheonhan-Myun, Goesan-Gu, Chungcheongbuk-Do, 367-833, Korea

    Kyounggu Ahn

  3. Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Agronomy College, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China

    Donghui Fu

  4. Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul, 121-742, South Korea

    Goon-Bo Kim & Young-Woo Nam

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  1. Nur Kholilatul Izzah
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Correspondence to Tae-Jin Yang.

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Izzah, N.K., Lee, J., Perumal, S. et al. Microsatellite-based analysis of genetic diversity in 91 commercial Brassica oleracea L. cultivars belonging to six varietal groups. Genet Resour Crop Evol 60, 1967–1986 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-013-9966-3

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