Abstract
Early this century, atomic beams were the closest approach tofree atomic particles. Nowadays, individual ions are stored in traps for, in principle, unlimited times of experimentation. The recoil of absorbed or scattered light permits us to manipulate the ion kinetics: Cooling and heating the ion reveals novel types of nonlinear light forces, one of which results from an all-stimulated parametric process similar to the action of a free-electron laser. — The amplitude of the vibration of a single ion in the potential well of the trap locks to metastable levels of excitation. Few ions form crystals or rotating quasi-molecules. Random exchange of sites is demonstrated by a quasi-molecule composed of a fluorescing and a dark ion.
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