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Characteristics and management modes of domestic waste in rural areas of developing countries: a case study of China

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Abstract

A huge accumulation of domestic waste has caused serious environmental contamination in rural areas of developing countries (RADIC). The characteristics and management of domestic waste are carefully discussed, based on field surveys and a literature review. The results indicate that the generation in most of RADIC is less than the median of 0.521 kg day−1 per capita in China, and much smaller than in rural areas of developed countries (RADEC). Organic waste and inert waste with an accumulative mass percentage of 72.31% are dominant components of domestic waste in the rural areas of China. There are trends of increasing amounts of kitchen waste, paper/cardboard, and plastic/rubber and a decreasing trend of ash waste. The RADIC composition of domestic waste had a high content of organic waste and a low content of recyclable waste compared to the RADEC. Domestic waste has good compressibility and a light bulk density ranging from 40 to 650 kg m−3. The moisture, ash, combustible, and calorific values of domestic waste were 53.31%, 18.03%, 28.67%, and 5368 kJ kg−1, respectively. The domestic waste has an abundance of nutrients including organic matter (39.05%), nitrogen (1.02%), phosphorus (0.50%), and potassium (1.42%). In RADIC, domestic waste can be used as an agricultural manure only after it has been collected and sorted for the potential risk of heavy metal accumulation. Based on these characteristics of domestic waste and the different situations of rural areas, four waste management modes including centralized treatment, decentralized treatment, group treatment, and mobile treatment are designed and discussed.

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Funding

This research was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41602240), the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation funded project (No.. 2016 M592646 and No. 2018 T110953), the Science and Technology Project of Tibet Autonomous Region (No. Z2016C01G01106), the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program (ASTIP) of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, and the State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection Independent Research Project (No. SKLGP 2017Z013).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, 610059, China

    Zhiyong Han, Changwen Ye & Yu Zhang

  2. State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Synergetic Control and Joint Remediation for Soil & Water Pollution, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, 610059, China

    Zhiyong Han, Changwen Ye & Yu Zhang

  3. Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, 610041, China

    Zhiyong Han & Guozhong Shi

  4. Science School of Tibet University, Lhasa, 850002, China

    Zeng Dan

  5. Engineering & Technical College of Chengdu University of Technology, Leshan, 614000, China

    Zeyan Zou

  6. Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China

    Dan Liu

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  1. Zhiyong Han
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  2. Changwen Ye
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  3. Yu Zhang
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  4. Zeng Dan
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  5. Zeyan Zou
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  6. Dan Liu
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  7. Guozhong Shi
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Correspondence to Changwen Ye.

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Highlights

• Characteristics of rural domestic waste (RDW) were researched in developing country.

• Generation rate was much lower than that in developed country and in city.

• RDW had higher organic waste and lower recyclable waste and both were dominant.

• RDW had light bulk density and good compressibility in developing country.

• Nutrients were abundant but a potential risk of heavy metal should be concerned.

• Four waste management modes were designed.

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Han, Z., Ye, C., Zhang, Y. et al. Characteristics and management modes of domestic waste in rural areas of developing countries: a case study of China. Environ Sci Pollut Res 26, 8485–8501 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-04289-w

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-04289-w

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