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The paradox in accumulation behavior of cadmium and selenium at different planting times in rice

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Abstract

The synergistic effects of trace elements selenium (Se) and cadmium (Cd) are well known. But the reasons for the trending accumulation behavior in both trace elements are under debate in the scientific community. The present investigation was conducted to evaluate the impact of heat units on the accumulation behavior in two environments. Se and Cd were applied in three groups (T0; 0:0, T1; 0.4:1, T2; 1:2) mg kg−1. As the time of planting and heat units consumed by the crop to attain its physiological maturity appears to be different. The sunlight may contribute as an important manipulating factor for the accumulation of heavy metals in the plant. The results of the present study indicated that the behavior in the accumulation pattern of both elements appears to be distinct in the same material. The increased fertilizer treatment in soil bulk linearly increased the metal contents in rice grain. The studies between different plant parts disclosed panicle as the primary reservoir for Se and Cd accumulation. The plant sown earlier accumulates more Se than Cd while the plants uptake more Cd when sown 1 month later. The plant completes the critical developmental phases (tillering, heading, and flowering) within 20–30 days interval depending on the variety. But the late-sown plants complete these transitional phases within 9–10 days interval ultimately result in less utilization of heat units. These quick transitional changes may lead to the uptake of an ample amount of Cd contents in rice grain even at a low level of Cd stress (1 and 2 mg kg−1), making rice unsafe for edible purposes. The proper time of planting could be effective in timely acclimatization of Se and Cd sequestration and translocation in rice various components.

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Acknowledgments

The authors thank the Rice Research Institute and Sichuan Agricultural University for providing (SAUSO) Scholarship and the referees for their constructive and thoughtful review.

Funding

This work was supported by the Technology R&D Program of Sichuan Province (2016NZ0106) and International R&D Cooperation and Exchange Projects of Sichuan Province (2017HH0031, 2018HH0016)and Technology Innovation Cooperation Project/HongKong, Macao and Taiwan (2019YFH0126).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Demonstration Base for International Science & Technology Cooperation of Sichuan Province, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China

    Muhammad Umer Farooq & Jianqing Zhu

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  1. Muhammad Umer Farooq
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  2. Jianqing Zhu
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Correspondence to Jianqing Zhu.

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Farooq, M.U., Zhu, J. The paradox in accumulation behavior of cadmium and selenium at different planting times in rice. Environ Sci Pollut Res 26, 22421–22430 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-05467-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-05467-6

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