Abstract
This study applied the logarithmic mean Divisia index (LMDI) model to identify and discuss the main drivers of Pakistan’s CO2 emissions over the period 1990–2016. The study examined the effects of five factors based on Pakistan’s three main economic sectors while considering the 11 types of fuels consumed in that country. The results showed that the energy structure effect is the greatest driving force of CO2 emissions in this country, followed by scale effect and economic structure effect. Energy intensity is the main contributor to reducing Pakistan’s carbon emissions throughout the study period. A comparative review at the sectoral level shows that the industrial sector for which coal is the main source of energy supply is the one that contributes the most to CO2 emissions in Pakistan. Alongside this sector is the tertiary sector, where the transport sub-sector imposes rules of conduct based on a growing Pakistani population. Meanwhile, deforestation would be the main cause of CO2 emissions from the agricultural sector in Pakistan, as energy consumption in this sector remains very low. Improving energy efficiency through the intensification of clean energy is urgently needed if Pakistan’s environmental goals are to be achieved.
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Acknowledgments
The authors would like to dedicate this work to Prof. Jacques FAME NDONGO, Mrs. Nadege Abendang Zeh, Mr. Daniel Mvom, and Mrs. Jeanne Nelly Engo, for their outstanding support. Furthermore, we would like to thank the supervisor of this study, Professor Dr. Yi-Ming Wei, in China and all those who participated in the scientific evaluation of this paper, especially editors and reviewers.
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Akram, Z., Engo, J., Akram, U. et al. Identification and analysis of driving factors of CO2 emissions from economic growth in Pakistan. Environ Sci Pollut Res 26, 19481–19489 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-05281-0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-05281-0