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Distribution of feminizing compounds in the aquatic environment and bioaccumulation in wild tilapia tissues

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Abstract

This study sampled six times of river water, sediment, and tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in the Dan-Shui River, Taipei, Taiwan; 10 feminizing compounds were analyzed using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Bisphenol A (508 ± 634 ng/L, geometric mean (GM) 303 ng/L) and nonylphenol (491 ± 570 ng/L, GM 328 ng/L) were the most abundant among analytes in the river water. Nonylphenol (770 ± 602 ng/g wet weight, GM 617 ng/g wet weight) was also the highest in sediment. Fish may uptake nonylphenol and nonylphenol ethoxylates from river water and sediment because there were significant correlations between the concentrations in these matrixes and those in fish tissues (r s ranged from 0.21 to 0.49, p < 0.05). The bioaccumulation of nonylphenol, nonylphenol ethoxylates and bisphenol A in gonad, eggs, and liver was much higher than that in muscle (e.g. mean bioaccumulation factors of nonylphenol were 27,287, 20,971, 9,576 and 967, respectively) and might result in low liver fractions in fish body weights (0.66 % ± 0.39 %, GM 0.55 %) and the skewed sex ratio of fish (male to female = 0.52). This innovative study linked the environmental and internal doses statistically in the globally distributed wild fish by analyzing feminizing compounds in water, sediment, and four fish tissues including gonad and eggs.

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Acknowledgments

The financial support of this study was from the National Science Council, Taiwan (NSC 98-2314-B-002-143-MY3).

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  1. Institute of Environmental Health, National Taiwan University, 17 Hsu-Chou Rd, Taipei, 10055, Taiwan

    Wen-Ling Chen, Gen-Shuh Wang & Chia-Yang Chen

  2. Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, 2 Beining Rd, Keelung, 20224, Taiwan

    Jin-Chywan Gwo

  3. Department of Public Health, National Taiwan University, 17 Hsu-Chou Rd, Taipei, 10055, Taiwan

    Gen-Shuh Wang & Chia-Yang Chen

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  1. Wen-Ling Chen
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Chen, WL., Gwo, JC., Wang, GS. et al. Distribution of feminizing compounds in the aquatic environment and bioaccumulation in wild tilapia tissues. Environ Sci Pollut Res 21, 11349–11360 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-014-3062-x

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