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Ammonium-nitrogen-contaminated groundwater remediation by a sequential three-zone permeable reactive barrier (multibarrier) with oxygen-releasing compound (ORC)/clinoptilolite/spongy iron: column studies

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Abstract

A novel sequential permeable reactive barrier (multibarrier), composed of oxygen-releasing compound (ORC)/clinoptilolite/spongy iron zones in series, was proposed for ammonium-nitrogen-contaminated groundwater remediation. Column experiments were performed to: (1) evaluate the overall NH4 +–N removal performance of the proposed multibarrier, (2) investigate nitrogen transformation in the three zones, (3) determine the reaction front progress, and (4) explore cleanup mechanisms for inorganic nitrogens. The results showed that NH4 +–N percent removal by the multibarrier increased up to 90.43 % after 21 pore volumes (PVs) at the influent dissolved oxygen of 0.68∼2.45 mg/L and pH of 6.76∼7.42. NH4 +–N of 4.06∼10.49 mg/L was depleted and NO x −–N (i.e., NO3 −–N + NO2 −–N) of 4.26∼9.63 mg/L was formed before 98 PVs in the ORC zone. NH4 +–N of ≤4.76 mg/L was eliminated in the clinoptilolite zone. NO x −–N of 10.44∼12.80 mg/L was lost before 21 PVs in the spongy iron zone. The clinoptilolite zone length should be reduced to 30 cm. Microbial nitrification played a dominant role in NH4 +–N removal in the ORC zone. Ion exchange was majorly responsible for NH4 +–N elimination in the clinoptilolite zone. Chemical reduction and hydrogenotrophic denitrification both contributed to NO x −–N transformation, but the chemical reduction capacity decreased after 21 PVs in the spongy iron.

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Acknowledgments

This study is financially supported jointly by the project from the China Geological Survey (1212011121171), National Program of Control and Treatment of Water Pollution (2009ZX07424-002-002), China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2013M541111), and Beijing Excellent Talents Program (2012D001055000001).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Beijing Key Laboratory of Water Resources & Environmental Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China

    Guoxin Huang, Fei Liu, Shengpin Li & Ying Zhang

  2. China Meat Research Center, Beijing Academy of Food Sciences, Beijing, 100068, China

    Guoxin Huang & Dejun Cao

  3. Hydro-Engineering Team of Sichuan Metallurgical Geology & Exploration Bureau, Chengdu, 611730, China

    Yingzhao Yang

  4. Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Shijiazhuang, 050061, China

    Xiangke Kong

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  1. Guoxin Huang
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  2. Fei Liu
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  3. Yingzhao Yang
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  4. Xiangke Kong
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  5. Shengpin Li
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  6. Ying Zhang
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  7. Dejun Cao
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Correspondence to Fei Liu.

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Responsible editor: Angeles Blanco

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Huang, G., Liu, F., Yang, Y. et al. Ammonium-nitrogen-contaminated groundwater remediation by a sequential three-zone permeable reactive barrier (multibarrier) with oxygen-releasing compound (ORC)/clinoptilolite/spongy iron: column studies. Environ Sci Pollut Res 22, 3705–3714 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-014-3602-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-014-3602-4

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