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Annual input fluxes of heavy metals in agricultural soil of Hainan Island, China

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Abstract

The accumulation of heavy metals in farmland has become an important issue related to food security and environmental risk. The annual inputs of heavy metals (As, Cd, Hg, Pb, Cr, Cu, and Zn) to agricultural soil for a full year in Hainan Island have been studied. Three fluxes through the cultivated horizon were considered: (1) atmospheric depositions, (2) fertilization, and (3) irrigation water. The corresponding samples were collected and analyzed on a large regional scale. The total input fluxes show obvious spatial variability among different regions. The inventory of heavy metal inputs to agricultural land demonstrates that agricultural soil is potentially at risk of heavy metal accumulation from irrigation water. The potential at risk of heavy metal accumulation from atmospheric deposition and fertilizer is relatively low compared to irrigation. The results indicate that Hg is the element of prior concern for agricultural soil, followed by Cd and As, and other heavy metal elements represent little threat to the environment in the study area. This work provides baseline information to develop policies to control and reduce toxic elements accumulated in agricultural soil.

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Acknowledgements

This study was supported by the project of China Geological Survey Study on Evaluation System and Integration of the Eco-geochemical Assessment for the Agricultural Ecosystem of China (No. 1212010511218). Thanks are due to the anonymous reviewers for their critical reviews and constructive comments, which helped us improve significantly our paper. We particularly thank the responsible editor for his careful work.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences, No. 29, Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, 100083, Beijing, China

    Wei Jiang, Qingye Hou, Zhongfang Yang, Tao Yu & Cong Zhong

  2. Hainan Institute of Geological Survey, No.88, Nansha Road, 570206, Haikou, China

    Yi Yang & Yangrong Fu

Authors
  1. Wei Jiang
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  2. Qingye Hou
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  3. Zhongfang Yang
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  4. Tao Yu
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  5. Cong Zhong
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  6. Yi Yang
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  7. Yangrong Fu
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Wei Jiang.

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Responsible editor: Zhihong Xu

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Jiang, W., Hou, Q., Yang, Z. et al. Annual input fluxes of heavy metals in agricultural soil of Hainan Island, China. Environ Sci Pollut Res 21, 7876–7885 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-014-2679-0

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-014-2679-0

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