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Effect of external phosphate addition on solid-phase iron distribution and iron accumulation in Mangrove Kandelia obovata (S. L.)

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Abstract

In this study, a pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of phosphate (PO4 3−) addition on iron (Fe) cycling in mangrove ecosystem. Kandelia obovata (S. L.), one of the dominant mangrove species in the southeast of China, was cultivated in rhizoboxes under three different levels of P concentrations. Results showed the solid-phase Fe distribution and Fe(II)/Fe(III) values in both the root zone (rhizosphere) and bulk soil (non-rhizosphere) were comparable among all P levels (p > 0.05); P addition significantly decreased the pore water Fe content both in the rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere zone (p < 0.05); higher amount of reactive Fe was found in rhizosphere sediments, while in the non-rhizosphere sediments, higher concentration of crystalline Fe was determined; P significantly increased iron plaque formation and iron accumulation in K. obovata (S. L.) tissues (p < 0.05); P addition increased K. obovata (S. L.) biomass and chlorophyll content. It was suggested that P is implicated in the Fe cycling in mangrove plants; more reactive iron, higher abundance of root Fe-reducing bacteria (FeRB) and Fe-oxidizing bacteria (FeOB), and together with higher amount of K. obovata (S. L.) root organic acids exudation result in a rapid Fe cycling in rhizosphere, which contribute to comparable solid-phase iron distribution among different P levels.

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Acknowledgments

This work was jointly supported by the National Important Scientific Research Program of China (2013CB956504) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (3137051631170471). The authors thank Professor John Merefield for assistance with the English grammar.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China

    Jingna Du, Jingchun Liu, Haoliang Lu, Qiong Zhang, Wenyun Wang & Chongling Yan

  2. Guizhou Normal University, No.116 BaoshanBeiLu, Guiyang, 550001, Guizhou, China

    Jingna Du

  3. RSMAS/MAC University of Miami, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL, 33149, USA

    Jingna Du & Dennis Hansell

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  1. Jingna Du
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  2. Jingchun Liu
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  5. Qiong Zhang
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Correspondence to Chongling Yan.

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Du, J., Liu, J., Lu, H. et al. Effect of external phosphate addition on solid-phase iron distribution and iron accumulation in Mangrove Kandelia obovata (S. L.). Environ Sci Pollut Res 22, 13506–13513 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-015-4409-7

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